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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 861-875, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Receptive-field plasticity in the adult auditory cortex induced by Hebbian covariance
SJ Cruikshank and NM Weinberger
Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92717, USA.
The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the role of cellular
interactions postulated by the Hebbian, or covariance, hypothesis in the
induction of receptive-field (RF) plasticity in the adult auditory cortex
(ACx). This was accomplished by determining whether a "covariance
treatment" (see below) was sufficient to induce RF plasticity without
behavioral experiences that normally induce such plasticity. During the
covariance treatment (conducted in urethane- anesthetized adult guinea
pigs), one tone was paired with excitatory juxtacellular current, applied
to a single postsynaptic cell in the primary ACx. Excitatory current
increased postsynaptic discharge, thereby increasing covariance between
activity of the postsynaptic cell and its afferents that were activated by
the tone. In alternation, within the same cell a second, different tone was
paired with inhibitory juxtacellular current, decreasing covariance between
the postsynaptic cell and afferents activated by the second tone. After
treatment, responses to tones associated with increased covariance
strengthened significantly relative to tones associated with decreased
covariance, as predicted by the Hebbian hypothesis. This occurred in 7 of
22 (32%) cells undergoing 120 pairing trials, but in only 4 of 38 (11%)
cells undergoing 60 trials. Fewer than 5% of cells showed significant
effects opposite those predicted by the hypothesis. Significant plasticity
lasted > or = 15 min. Probability of plasticity was significantly higher
when the cortical electroencephalogram was nonsynchronized during treatment
(5/9 cells) than when synchronized (2/13 cells). These findings support the
role of presynaptic- postsynaptic covariance processes in the induction of
adult neocortical RF plasticity and suggest that factors associated with
cortical state "gate" such plasticity.
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