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Volume 16, Number 21, Issue of November 1, 1996 pp. 6676-6686
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceAxonal Action-Potential Initiation and Na+ Channel Densities in the Soma and Axon Initial Segment of Subicular Pyramidal Neurons
Received June 19, 1996; revised Aug. 5, 1996; accepted Aug. 12, 1996.
Costa M. Colbert and Daniel Johnston Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
A long-standing hypothesis is that action potentials initiate first in the axon hillock/initial segment (AH-IS) region because of a locally high density of Na+ channels. We tested this idea in subicular pyramidal neurons by using patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal slices. Simultaneous recordings from the soma and IS confirmed that orthodromic action potentials initiated in the axon and then invaded the soma. However, blocking Na+ channels in the AH-IS with locally applied tetrodotoxin (TTX) did not raise the somatic threshold membrane potential for orthodromic spikes. TTX applied to the axon beyond the AH-IS (30-60 µm from the soma) raised the apparent somatic threshold by ~8 mV. We estimated the Na+ current density in the AH-IS and somatic membranes by using cell-attached patch-clamp recordings and found similar magnitudes (3-4 pA/µm2). Thus, the present results suggest that orthodromic action potentials initiate in the axon beyond the AH-IS and that the minimum threshold for spike initiation of the neuron is not determined by a high density of Na+ channels in the AH-IS region.
Key words: action potential; action-potential initiation; Na+ channel; patch-clamp recording; hippocampus; pyramidal neuron; single-channel recording; dual-electrode recording
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