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Volume 16, Number 21,
Issue of November 1, 1996
pp. 6807-6829
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience
Amino Acid Signatures in the Primate Retina
Received June 24, 1996; revised Aug. 1, 1996; accepted Aug. 14, 1996.
Michael Kalloniatis1,
Robert E. Marc2, and
Ralph
F. Murry2
1 Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences,
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, and
2 John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84132
Pattern recognition of amino acid signals partitions virtually all
of the macaque retina into 16 separable biochemical theme classes, some
further divisible by additional criteria. The photoreceptor bipolar
cellganglion cell pathway is composed of six separable theme
classes, each possessing a characteristic glutamate signature. Neuronal
aspartate and glutamine levels are always positively correlated with
glutamate signals, implying that they largely represent glutamate
precursor pools. Amacrine cells may be parsed into four
glycine-dominated (including one glycine/GABA immunoreactive
population) and four GABA-dominated populations. Horizontal cells in
central retina possess a distinctive GABA signature, although their
GABA content is constitutively lower than that of amacrine cells and
shows both regional and sample variability. Finally, a
taurine-glutamine signature defines Müller's cells. We thus
have established the fundamental biochemical signatures of the primate
retina along with multiple metabolic subtypes for each neurochemical
class and demonstrated that virtually all neuronal space can be
accounted for by cells bearing characteristic glutamate, GABA, or
glycine signatures.
Key words:
immunocytochemistry;
neurotransmitters;
retina;
primate;
vision;
glutamate;
GABA;
glycine;
taurine;
aspartate;
glutamine;
pattern recognition
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