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Volume 16, Number 21, Issue of November 1, 1996 pp. 6896-6907
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeuroscienceDifferential Survival of Cajal-Retzius Cells in Organotypic Cultures of Hippocampus and Neocortex
Received March 18, 1996; revised Aug. 1, 1996; accepted Aug. 12, 1996.
José A. Del Río1, 2, Bernd Heimrich2, Hans Supèr1, Víctor Borrell1, Michael Frotscher2, and Eduardo Soriano1 1 Department of Animal and Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and 2 Institute of Anatomy, University of Freiburg, D-79001 Freiburg, Germany
Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are transient, pioneer neurons of layer I of the cortex that are believed to play essential roles in corticogenesis, e.g., in neuronal migration and synaptogenesis. Here we have used calretinin immunostaining to study the characteristics, survival, and fate of CR cells in single organotypic slice cultures of mouse neocortex and hippocampus deprived of their extrinsic afferents. In neocortical explants, CR cells were observed after 1-3 d in vitro (DIV), but they disappeared after 5-7 DIV, which is similar to their time of degeneration in vivo. The disappearance of CR cells in neocortical slices was prevented by incubation with tetrodotoxin and the glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3,-dione but not by 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, suggesting that neuronal activity and non-NMDA glutamate receptors may trigger CR cell death in the neocortex.
In contrast to the situation in vivo, in which many hippocampal CR cells disappear at approximately the third postnatal week, CR cells survived in single hippocampal cultures after long incubation times (31 DIV), with their morphology essentially unaltered. In contrast, fewer CR cells were found when hippocampal slices were cocultured with explants from the entorhinal cortex. Because CR cells are transient synaptic targets for entorhinohippocampal afferents, these findings suggest a role for entorhinal afferents in the degeneration of CR cells in the hippocampus. In conclusion, this study shows different survival properties of CR cells in organotypic slice cultures of hippocampus and neocortex, and it suggests that different mechanisms are involved in the regulation of the process of naturally occurring CR cell death in the two cortical regions.
Key words: Cajal-Retzius cells; cortical development; neuronal death; neuronal activity; calretinin; organotypic cultures; mouse
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