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Volume 16, Number 22, Issue of November 15, 1996 pp. 7331-7335
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience

The Sympathetic Nervous System Contributes to Capsaicin-Evoked Mechanical Allodynia But Not Pinprick Hyperalgesia in Humans

Received June 10, 1996; revised Aug. 19, 1996; accepted Aug. 29, 1996.

Maywin Liu^{1, 3}, Mitchell B. Max¹, Suzan Parada², Janet S. Rowan², and Gary J. Bennett¹

¹ Neurobiology and Anesthesiology Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, and ² Clinical Center Nursing, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and ³ Department of Anesthesia, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

The contribution of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to pain, mechanical allodynia (MA), and hyperalgesia in humans is controversial. A clearer understanding is crucial to guide therapeutic use of sympatholytic surgery, blocks, and drug treatments. In rats, capsaicin-evoked MA, and to some extent, pinprick hyperalgesia (PPH), can be blocked with -adrenoreceptor antagonists. In this study, we examined the contribution of the SNS to MA and PPH in normal human subjects by blocking -adrenoreceptors with intravenous phentolamine.

In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study, subjects were given IV saline or phentolamine, 1 mg/kg over 20 min. Ten minutes after the start of the infusion, subjects received 100 µg of intradermal capsaicin on the foot dorsum with the temperature of the injected site clamped at 36°C. The temperature of the uninjected foot was used to monitor the degree of -adrenoreceptor blockade produced by phentolamine. Ongoing pain and MA and PPH areas were measured every 5 min for 60 min.

A significantly greater increase in temperature on the uninjected foot was seen during the phentolamine infusion compared with the saline infusion, indicating -adrenergic blockade. Significantly less MA was observed with the phentolamine infusion 10-25 min after capsaicin injection than with the saline infusion. No significant differences in ongoing pain or PPH areas were seen between the two infusions at any time.

Our results suggest that capsaicin-evoked MA and PPH have different mechanisms, with the SNS having a role in MA but not in PPH or ongoing pain.

Key words: sympathetic nervous system; mechanical allodynia; mechanical hyperalgesia; capsaicin; phentolamine; pain

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y. Ren, X. Zou, L. Fang, and Q. Lin Sympathetic Modulation of Activity in A{delta}- and C-Primary Nociceptive Afferents After Intradermal Injection of Capsaicin in Rats J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2005; 93(1): 365 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Lutgendorf, H. Logan, H. L. Kirchner, N. Rothrock, S. Svengalis, K. Iverson, and D. Lubaroff Effects of Relaxation and Stress on the Capsaicin-Induced Local Inflammatory Response Psychosom Med, July 1, 2000; 62(4): 524 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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