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Volume 16, Number 23, Issue of December 1, 1996 pp. 7688-7698
Copyright ©1996 Society for NeurosciencePrimary Motor and Sensory Cortex Activation during Motor Performance and Motor Imagery: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Received March 25, 1996; revised Sept. 4, 1996; accepted Sept. 9, 1996.
Carlo A. Porro1, Maria Pia Francescato1, Valentina Cettolo2, Mathew E. Diamond1, Patrizia Baraldi3, Chiara Zuiani2, Massimo Bazzocchi2, and Pietro E. di Prampero1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Tecnologie Biomediche e 2 Scienze Mediche Morfologiche, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy
The intensity and spatial distribution of functional activation in the left precentral and postcentral gyri during actual motor performance (MP) and mental representation [motor imagery (MI)] of self-paced finger-to-thumb opposition movements of the dominant hand were investigated in fourteen right-handed volunteers by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. Significant increases in mean normalized fMRI signal intensities over values obtained during the control (visual imagery) tasks were found in a region including the anterior bank and crown of the central sulcus, the presumed site of the primary motor cortex, during both MP (mean percentage increase, 2.1%) and MI (0.8%). In the anterior portion of the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus, mean functional activity levels were also increased during both conditions (MP, 1.7 and 1.2%; MI, 0.6 and 0.4%, respectively).
To locate activated foci during MI, MP, or both conditions, the time course of the signal intensities of pixels lying in the precentral or postcentral gyrus was plotted against single-step or double-step waveforms, where the steps of the waveform corresponded to different tasks. Pixels significantly (r > 0.7) activated during both MP and MI were identified in each region in the majority of subjects; percentage increases in signal intensity during MI were on average 30% as great as increases during MP. The pixels activated during both MP and MI appear to represent a large fraction of the whole population activated during MP. These results support the hypothesis that MI and MP involve overlapping neural networks in perirolandic cortical areas.
Key words: primary motor cortex; primary somatosensory cortex; motor performance; motor imagery; functional magnetic resonance imaging; brain mapping
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