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Volume 16, Number 24,
Issue of December 15, 1996
pp. 7995-8004
Copyright ©1996 Society for Neuroscience
A Role for Nitric Oxide in the Development of the Ferret
Retinogeniculate Projection
Received July 19, 1996; revised Sept. 23, 1996; accepted Sept. 30, 1996.
Karina S. Cramer1,
Alessandra Angelucci1,
Jong-On Hahm2,
Mikhail B. Bogdanov3, and
Mriganka Sur1
1 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown University Medical
Center, Washington, DC 20007, and 3 Department of
Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
The ferret retinogeniculate projection segregates into eye-specific
layers during the first postnatal week and into ON/OFF sublaminae,
which receive inputs from either on-center or off-center retinal
ganglion cells, during the third and fourth postnatal weeks. The
restriction of retinogeniculate axon arbors into eye-specific layers
appears to depend on action potential activity () but does not require activation of NMDA receptors (). The formation of ON/OFF sublaminae is also
activity-dependent and is disrupted by in vivo blockade
of NMDA receptors (). To investigate a possible mechanism whereby blockade of postsynaptic NMDA receptors in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) results in changes in the size and
position of presynaptic axon arbors, we tested the role of the
diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO) in the development of the
retinogeniculate pathway. We found previously that NO synthase (NOS) is
transiently expressed in LGN cells during the refinement of
retinogeniculate projections (). In this study,
treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine
(L-NoArg), an arginine analog that inhibits NOS, during the
third and fourth postnatal weeks resulted in an overall pattern of
sublamination that was significantly reduced compared with normal and
control animals. Single retinogeniculate axon arbors were located in
the middle of eye-specific layers rather than toward the inner or outer
half as in normal or control animals. The effect of NOS inhibition was
not a consequence of the hypertensive effect of L-NoArg. In
contrast to the effect of L-NoArg on the formation of
ON/OFF sublaminae, treatment with L-NoArg during the first
postnatal week did not disrupt the formation of eye-specific layers.
Biochemical assays indicated significant inhibition of NOS during both
treatment periods. These data suggest that NO acts together with NMDA
receptors in activity-dependent refinement of connections during a
specific phase of retinogeniculate development.
Key words:
diffusible messenger;
visual system;
lateral geniculate
nucleus (LGN);
pattern formation;
eye-specific layers;
ON/OFF
sublaminae;
neuronal activity
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