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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 909-918, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Sensory transduction in vomeronasal neurons: evidence for G alpha o, G alpha i2, and adenylyl cyclase II as major components of a pheromone signaling cascade
A Berghard and LB Buck
Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
The mammalian vomeronasal organ (VNO) is an accessory olfactory structure
implicated in the sensing of pheromones. Although virtually nothing is
known about sensory transduction in the mammalian VNO, recent findings have
raised the possibility that it proceeds via a G- protein-coupled mechanism
and involves a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel as in the nasal
olfactory epithelium. To investigate this possibility, we cloned G-protein
alpha subunits, adenylyl cyclases, and guanylyl cyclases that are expressed
in the VNO and examined their patterns of expression. Of seven G alpha
subunits identified as being expressed in the VNO, we found that mRNAs
encoding only two, G alpha o and G alpha i2, are highly expressed in VNO
neurons. Moreover, G alpha o and G alpha i2 are highly expressed by
separate subsets of neurons that are located in different regions of the
VNO neuroepithelium. Immunohistochemical studies show that both G alpha o
and G alpha i2 are enriched in VNO microvilli, suggesting that G-proteins
containing both of these alpha subunits may be involved in VNO sensory
transduction. Of the adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases that we cloned, we
found that only one, adenylyl cyclase type II, is highly expressed in VNO
neurons; furthermore, it is expressed by both G alpha o+ and G alpha i2+
subsets. Our findings suggest that spatially segregated subsets of VNO
neurons may use different, but related, sensory transduction pathways in
which G-proteins and an adenylyl cyclase play major roles.
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