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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 1324-1336, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Superoxide production in rat hippocampal neurons: selective imaging with hydroethidine
VP Bindokas, J Jordan, CC Lee and RJ Miller
Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Digital-imaging microfluorimetry of the oxidation of hydroethidine (HEt) to
ethidium can be used to monitor superoxide (O2-) production selectively
within individual rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons in culture and in brain
slices. Under assay conditions, oxidation was not accomplished by hydroxyl
radical, singlet O2, H2O2, or nitrogen radicals. Neuronal O2- production
varied with metabolic activity and age. O2- generation increased after
treatment with AMPA, kainic acid, and NMDA, and the mitochondrial uncoupler
carbonylcyanide p- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl hydrazone, but usually not
after depolarization (50 mM K+). O2- concentrations were sensitive to
scavengers and nitric oxide. HEt oxidation was higher in Ca(2+)- containing
versus Ca(2+)-free saline. However, Ca2+ ionophores did not increase
oxidation greatly. H2O2 application produced a secondary increase in O2-.
The major source of O2- under basal and stimulated conditions appeared to
be the mitochondria. Consistent with this, ethidium staining in dendrites
was punctate, colocalized with mitochondria, and blocked by CN-.
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