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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 1450-1459, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Dynamics of target recognition by interstitial axon branching along developing cortical axons
M Bastmeyer and DD O'Leary
Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Corticospinal axons innervate their midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal targets
by extending collateral branches interstitially along their length. To
establish that the axon shaft rather than the axonal growth cone is
responsible for target recognition in this system, and to characterize the
dynamics of interstitial branch formation, we have studied this process in
an in vivo-like setting using slice cultures from neonatal mice containing
the entire pathway of corticospinal axons. Corticospinal axons labeled with
the dye 1,1'-dioctodecyl- 3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate
(or Dil) were imaged using time-lapse video microscopy of their pathway
overlying the basilar pons, their major hindbrain target. The axon shaft
millimeters behind the growth cone exhibits several dynamic behaviors,
including the de novo formation of varicosities and filopodia-like
extensions, and a behavior that we term "pulsation," which is characterized
by a variable thickening and thining of short segments of the axon. An
individual axon can have multiple sites of branching activity, with many of
the branches being transient. These dynamic behaviors occur along the
portion of the axon shaft overlying the basilar pons, but not just caudal
to it. Once the collaterals extend into the pontine neuropil, they branch
further in the neuropil, while the parent axon becomes quiescent. Thus, the
branching activity is spatially restricted to specific portions of the
axon, as well as temporally restricted to a relatively brief time window.
These findings provide definitive evidence that collateral branches form de
novo along corticospinal axons and establish that the process of target
recognition in this system is a property of the axon shaft rather than the
leading growth cone.
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