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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 1550-1560, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Repeated cocaine augments excitatory amino acid transmission in the nucleus accumbens only in rats having developed behavioral sensitization
RC Pierce, K Bell, P Duffy and PW Kalivas
Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Program, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6520, USA.
Rats were pretreated with daily cocaine or saline injections for 1 week.
The rats treated with daily cocaine were separated into two groups: a
sensitized group of animals demonstrating > 20% increase in motor
activity on the last injection compared with the first injection of daily
cocaine, and a nonsensitized group showing < 20% elevation. At 2-3 weeks
after the last daily injection, four experiments were performed to assess
changes in excitatory amino acid (EAA) transmission in the nucleus
accumbens produced by repeated cocaine administration. (1) Rats were
challenged with a microinjection of AMPA into the shell or core of the
nucleus accumbens. The sensitized rats demonstrated greater motor activity
than did the saline-pretreated or nonsensitized animals after AMPA
injection into either subnucleus. (2) It was shown that the behavioral
distinction between sensitized, nonsensitized, and control rats in
behavioral responsiveness to AMPA was not mediated by differences in
AMPA-induced dopamine release. (3) The extracellular content of glutamate
was measured after a cocaine challenge given at 21 d of withdrawal. Cocaine
elevated the levels of glutamate in the core of sensitized rats, but not of
nonsensitized or control rats. (4) Microinjection of the non-NMDA
antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline- 2,3-dione into the core abolished
the augmented motor response to a cocaine challenge in sensitized rats, but
was without effect on cocaine- induced motor activity in nonsensitized
animals. These results indicate that repeated cocaine administration
increases EAA transmission in the nucleus accumbens only in rats that
develop behavioral sensitization to cocaine.
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