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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 1904-1921, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Electrophysiological and morphological properties of layers V-VI principal pyramidal cells in rat prefrontal cortex in vitro
CR Yang, JK Seamans and N Gorelova
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
This study examined the electrophysiological and morphological
characteristics of layers V-VI pyramidal prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons.
In vitro intracellular recordings coupled with biocytin injections that
preserved some of the PFC efferents to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were
made in brain slices. Four principal pyramidal cell types were identified
and classified as regular spiking (RS) (19%), intrinsic bursting (IB)
(64%), repetitive oscillatory bursting (ROB) (13%), and intermediate (IM)
(4%) types. All PFC cells exhibited either subthreshold oscillation in
membrane voltage or pacemaker-like rhythmic firing. IB neurons were
demonstrated electrophysiologically and cytochemically to be PFC-->NAc
neurons. In all IB and some RS neurons, a tetrodotoxin-sensitive, slowly
inactivating Na+ current and a transient Ni(2+)-sensitive, low-threshold
Ca2+ current mediated subthreshold inward rectification. During sustained
membrane depolarization, the Na+ current was opposed by a 4-aminopyridine-
sensitive, outwardly rectifying, slowly inactivating K+ current. Together,
these three currents controlled the firing threshold of the PFC neurons.
All IB and ROB cells also had postspike Ca(2+)-mediated depolarizing
afterpotentials, postburst Ca(2+)-dependent after hyperpolarizations, and
low- and high-threshold Ca2+ spikes. In addition, ROB cells had a
hyperpolarizing "sag" mediated by the cationic conductance, Ih. IB and ROB
neurons had extensive dendritic trees and radially ascending or
tangentially projecting axon collaterals. RS and IM cells had comparatively
simpler morphological profiles. These electrophysiological and
morphological properties of the four principal pyramidal PFC cell types
have provided valuable details for understanding further how PFC processes
input and transmit outputs to regions such as the NAc.
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