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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 1975-1981, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience

ARTICLE

Localization of synaptotagmin-binding domains on syntaxin

Y Kee and RH Scheller
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305, USA.

Synaptotagmin, an abundant calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein of synaptic vesicles, has been proposed to regulate neurotransmitter release at the nerve terminal. To understand better the biochemical mechanism of neurotransmitter release, we have investigated the calcium- dependent and -independent protein-protein interactions between synaptotagmin I and syntaxin 1a, a subunit of the receptor for synaptic vesicles on the presynaptic plasma membrane. Soluble syntaxin 1a binds to synaptotagmin glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, and the binding was decreased in the presence of calcium. A synaptotagmin fragment containing the second C2 repeat (Syt3-5) had the same binding profile as the whole cytoplasmic domain; however, fragments containing the first C2 repeat (Syt1-3 and Syt2-3) showed calcium-dependent binding to syntaxin. In addition, the soluble full-length cytoplasmic domain of synaptotagmin binds to a syntaxin GST fusion protein in a calcium-dependent manner. Syntaxin domains required for calcium- dependent and -independent synaptotagmin-binding were localized using syntaxin deletion mutants. Amino acids 241-266 of the syntaxin C terminus were required for calcium-independent binding of synaptotagmin. The minimal domain required for calcium-dependent binding of synaptotagmin to syntaxin was localized to amino acids 220- 266. The syntaxin domains required for synaptotagmin binding overlap with the domains for vesicle-associated membrane protein (or VAMP) and alpha-soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein (or alphaSNAP) interactions. The data suggest both calcium- dependent and -independent roles of synaptotagmin in regulating synaptic vesicle release and/or recycling.

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