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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 2605-2611, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
The pharmacology of mesolimbic dopamine neurons: a dual-probe microdialysis study in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain
BH Westerink, HF Kwint and JB deVries
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Receptor-specific compounds were applied by retrograde microdialysis to the
ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the rat brain. The effect of the
intrategmental infusions on extracellular dopamine in the ipsilateral
nucleus accumbens were recorded with a second microdialysis probe.
Intrategmental infusion of muscimol (10-40 microM) or baclofen (50 microM)
decreased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Intrategmental
infusion of NMDA (1 mM, 15 min) or kainate (50 microM, 15 min) increased
extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. The effects of the
excitatory amino acids were suppressed by co-infusion of MK-801 (1 MM),
(+)-3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone [(+)-HA966; 1 mM],
(+/-)-3(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP; 100
microM), and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX;300 microM).
Intrategmental infusion of of carbachol (50 microM) increased extracellular
dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. These results provide evidence for
localization of GABAA, GABAB NMDA, non-NMDA, and cholinergic receptors on
dopamine neurons in the VTA. Infusions of CPP, (+)-MK-801, (+)-HA966, CNQX,
mecamylamine, atropine, or 3-[[(3,4-
dichlorophenyl)methyl]propyl](diethoxymethyl) phosphonic acid (CGP 52432)
into the VTA did not modify extracellular dopamine in the nucleus
accumbens. Infusion of bicuculline (50 microM) and (-)- sulpiride (50
microM) was followed by an increase in extracellular dopamine in the
nucleus accumbens. These data suggest that dopamine neurons in the VTA are
tonically inhibited by GABA and dopamine by acting on GABAA, and D2
receptors, respectively. A tonic stimulation by glutamatergic or
cholinergic neurons was not detected. Finally, results on A10 neurons are
compared with earlier data on A9 neurons. A striking difference was found
in that GABAA-dopamine interactions are indirect in the substantia nigra
and direct in the VTA.
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