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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 16, 2701-2715, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Neuroscience
Physiological and morphological identification of somatostatin- or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing cells among GABAergic cell subtypes in rat frontal cortex
Y Kawaguchi and Y Kubota
Laboratory for Neural Circuits, Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Nagoya, Japan.
Physiological and morphological characteristics of GABAergic nonpyramidal
cells in frontal cortex of young rats identified immunohistochemically as
containing somatostatin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were
studied in vitro by whole-cell recording and biocytin injection. We have
found that most somatostatin- or VIP-containing neurons were different from
two other types of GABAergic cells, the parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking
cells and the late-spiking cells (neurogliaform cells). In response to
injected currents, somatostatin- or VIP-containing nonpyramidal cells
showed either bursts of a few spikes on a slow-depolarizing hump, burst-
spiking nonpyramidal cells, or single spikes only on depolarization,
regular-spiking nonpyramidal cells. Morphologically, both somatostatin- and
VIP-containing cells had vertical axonal arbors terminating in symmetrical
synapses that were immunoreactive for GABA in electron micrographs.
Somatostatin cells included neurons with main ascending axons sending
collaterals into layer I (Martinotti cells in deep layers). Some of the
Martinotti cells in layer V also contained calbindin D 28k. VIP cells
included neurons the main descending axons of which had more descending
than ascending collaterals (bipolar cells and double bouquet cells). Two
other morphological forms of the VIP cells were those with short descending
axons with collaterals bearing multiple boutons on other cell bodies (small
basket cells) or with short ascending main axons with collaterals forming
arcades (arcade cells). Some of these neurons also contained calretinin.
From these results, it appears that the GABAergic neurons controlling
circuits in the neocortical layers may be characterized further based on
whether they contain somatostatin or VIP.
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