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Volume 17, Number 1,
Issue of January 1, 1997
pp. 241-250
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Actin Plays a Role in Both Changes in Cell Shape and Gene-
Expression Associated with Schwann Cell Myelination
Received June 7, 1996; revised Sept. 18, 1996; accepted Oct. 18, 1996.
Cristina Fernandez-Valle1,
Douglas Gorman3,
Anna M. Gomez1, and
Mary Bartlett Bunge1, 2, 3
1 The Chambers Family Electron Microscopy Laboratory,
The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, and Departments of Neurological
Surgery and 2 Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami
School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and 3 Department
of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
Schwann cell (SC) differentiation into a myelinating cell requires
concurrent interactions with basal lamina and an axon destined for
myelination. As SCs differentiate, they undergo progressive morphological changes and initiate myelin-specific gene expression. We
find that disrupting actin polymerization with cytochalasin D (CD)
inhibits myelination of SC/neuron co-cultures. Basal lamina is present,
neurons are healthy, and the inhibition is reversible. Electron
microscopic analysis reveals that actin plays a role at two stages of
SC differentiation. At 0.75-1.0 µg/ml CD, SCs do not differentiate
and appear as "rounded" cells in contact with axons. This
morphology is consistent with disruption of actin filaments and cell
shape changes. However, at 0.25 µg/ml CD, SCs partially
differentiate; they elongate and segregate axons but generally fail to
form one-to-one relationships and spiral around the axon. In
situ hybridizations reveal that SCs in CD-treated cultures do
not express mRNAs encoding the myelin-specific proteins 2 ,3-cyclic
nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNP), myelin-associated glycoprotein
(MAG), and P0. Our results suggest that at the lower CD dose, SCs
commence differentiation as evidenced by changes in cell shape but are
unable to elaborate myelin lamellae because of a lack of
myelin-specific mRNAs. We propose that F-actin influences myelin-specific gene expression in SCs.
Key words:
Schwann cells;
myelination;
actin;
cytochalasin D;
mRNA
expression;
in situ hybridization
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