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Next Article 
Volume 17, Number 10,
Issue of May 15, 1997
pp. 3379-3391
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Frequency-Dependent Inactivation of Mammalian A-Type
K+ Channel KV1.4 Regulated by
Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase
Received Aug. 10, 1996; revised Feb. 18, 1997; accepted Feb. 24, 1997.
Jochen Roeper,
Christoph Lorra, and
Olaf Pongs
Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) and
protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) are key enzymes in the regulation of synaptic strength, controlling the phosphorylation status of pre-
and postsynaptic target proteins. Here, we show that the inactivation
gating of the Shaker-related fast-inactivating
KV channel, Kv1.4 is controlled by
CaMKII and the calcineurin/inhibitor-1 protein phosphatase cascade.
CaMKII phosphorylation of an amino-terminal residue of
KV1.4 leads to slowing of inactivation gating and
accelerated recovery from N-type inactivated states. In contrast,
dephosphorylation of this residue induces a fast inactivating mode of
KV1.4 with time constants of inactivation 5 to 10 times
faster compared with the CaMKII-phosphorylated form. Dephosphorylated
KV1.4 channels also display slowed and partial recovery
from inactivation with increased trapping of KV1.4 channels
in long-absorbing C-type inactivated states. In consequence,
dephosphorylated KV1.4 displays a markedly increased
tendency to undergo cumulative inactivation during repetitive
stimulation. The balance between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated
KV1.4 channels is regulated by changes in intracellular
Ca2+ concentration rendering KV1.4 inactivation
gating Ca2+-sensitive. The reciprocal CaMKII and
calcineurin regulation of cumulative inactivation of presynaptic
KV1.4 may provide a novel mechanism to regulate the
critical frequency for presynaptic spike broadening and induction of
synaptic plasticity.
Key words:
voltage-activated K channels;
Shaker;
N-type
inactivation;
C-type inactivation;
phosphorylation;
CaMKII;
calcineurin;
protein phosphatase;
synapse
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