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Volume 17, Number 10,
Issue of May 15, 1997
pp. 3804-3814
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Dynamic Control of Location-Specific Information in Tactile
Cutaneous Reflexes from the Foot during Human Walking
Received Dec. 5, 1996; revised Feb. 13, 1997; accepted Feb. 21, 1997.
Bart M. H. Van Wezel,
Frans A. M. Ottenhoff, and
Jacques Duysens
Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of
Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether tactile
cutaneous reflexes from the skin of the foot contain location-specific information during human walking. Muscular responses to non-nociceptive electrical stimulation of the sural, posterior tibial, and superficial peroneal nerves, each supplying a different skin area of the foot, were
studied in both legs during walking on a treadmill. For all three
nerves the major responses in all muscles were observed at a similar
latency of ~80-85 msec. In the ipsilateral leg these reflex
responses and their phase-dependent modulation were highly nerve-specific. During most of the stance phase, for example, the
peroneal and tibial nerves generally evoked small responses in the
biceps femoris muscle. In contrast, during late swing large facilitations generally occurred for the peroneal nerve, whereas suppressions were observed for the tibial nerve. In the contralateral leg the reflex responses for the three nerves were less distinct, although some nerve specificity was observed for individual subjects. It is concluded that non-nociceptive stimulation of the sural, posterior tibial, and superficial peroneal nerves each evokes distinct
reflex responses, indicating the presence of location-specific information from the skin of the foot in cutaneous reflexes during human walking. It will be argued that differentially controlled reflex
pathways can account for the differences in the phase-dependent reflex
modulation patterns of the three nerves, which points to the dynamic
control of this information during the course of a step cycle.
Key words:
cutaneous reflexes;
phase-dependent reflex modulation;
local sign;
location-specific information in reflexes;
human walking;
sural nerve;
superficial peroneal nerve;
posterior tibial nerve;
EMG
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