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Volume 17, Number 10, Issue of May 15, 1997 pp. 3920-3931
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceDevelopment of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide mRNA Rhythm in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Received Nov. 25, 1996; revised Jan. 24, 1997; accepted Feb. 27, 1997.
Yuriko Ban1, Yasufumi Shigeyoshi2, and Hitoshi Okamura2 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602, Japan, and 2 Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 650, Japan
Development of the daily rhythm of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mRNA in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a main locus of circadian oscillation, was investigated by in situ hybridization. The phenotypic expression of VIP neurons occurred in two developmental stages in the ventrolateral portion of the SCN (VLSCN): the first was found before birth in the rostral part, and the second occurred in the main part between postnatal day (P) 10 and P20. The latter period coincided with the time that the massive VIP-efferent fibers project to the subparaventricular zone. In the adult and P20, the VIP mRNA signals of the SCN showed a clear diurnal rhythm with a trough in the light phase and a peak in the dark phase under light/dark (LD) conditions, but under constant dark (DD) conditions, no VIP mRNA fluctuations were observed. At P10, however, it was found that SCN VIP mRNA showed a peak at the transition from night to day and a trough at early dark period in LD conditions, in sharp contrast to the night peak in the adult rhythm. In DD conditions, a light-phase peak and a dark-phase trough were also observed at P10, contrasting the arrhythmic feature at adult stage. The present findings suggest that daily VIP rhythm was first generated in the early developed clock-controlled rostral SCN neurons, and later regulated by light-dependent main VLSCN neurons.
Key words: suprachiasmatic nucleus; vasoactive intestinal peptide; in situ hybridization; development; circadian rhythm
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