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Volume 17, Number 11,
Issue of June 1, 1997
pp. 4341-4348
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Protects against
Ischemia-Induced Injury in the Cerebral Cortex
Received Jan. 7, 1997; revised Feb. 27, 1997; accepted March 21, 1997.
Yun Wang1,
Shinn-Zong Lin2,
Ai-Lin Chiou1,
Lawrence R. Williams3, and
Barry J. Hoffer4
Departments of 1 Pharmacology and
2 Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei,
Taiwan, 100, 3 Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
91320, and 4 Department of Pharmacology, University of
Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a recently
described and cloned member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)- superfamily, has been shown to have marked
trophic activity on several populations of central neurons.
Survival-promoting and injury protectant activity in
vitro and in vivo, using several paradigms, has
been demonstrated for ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and
spinal cord motoneurons. In view of a proposed commonality of
mechanisms, involving intracellular free radical generation, depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx, and mitochondrial
respiratory enzyme injury, between such GDNF-responsive paradigms and
those of ischemia-induced injury, we tested the effects of GDNF on the
extent of neural degeneration induced by transient middle cerebral
artery (MCA) occlusion. We now report that intracerebroventricular and
intraparenchymal administration of GDNF potently protects the cerebral
hemispheres from damage induced by MCA occlusion. In addition, the
increase in nitric oxide that accompanies MCA occlusion and subsequent
reperfusion is blocked almost completely by GDNF. Thus, this protein
may play an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular
occlusive disease.
Key words:
nitric oxide;
cerebral ischemia;
MCA ligation;
GDNF;
neuroprotection;
TGF- superfamily
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