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Volume 17, Number 12,
Issue of June 15, 1997
pp. 4800-4808
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes as a Function of Delta and
Spindle Activity during Slow Wave Sleep in Humans
Received Dec. 17, 1996; revised April 3, 1997; accepted April 4, 1997.
Nina Hofle1, 2,
Tomá Paus1, 2,
David Reutens1, 2,
Pierre Fiset3,
Jean Gotman2,
Alan C. Evans1, 2, and
Barbara E. Jones2
1 McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological
Institute, 2 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and
3 Anesthesia, McGill University, Montréal,
Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
In the present study, we investigated changes in regional cerebral
blood flow (rCBF) in humans during the progression from relaxed
wakefulness through slow wave sleep (SWS). These changes were examined
as a function of spindle (12-15 Hz) and  (1.5-4.0 Hz)
electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of SWS. rCBF was studied with
positron emission tomography (PET) using the
H215O bolus method. A maximum of six 60 sec
scans were performed per subject during periods of wakefulness and
stages 1-4 of SWS, as determined by on-line EEG monitoring. Spectral
analysis was performed off-line on the EEG epochs corresponding to the
scans for computation of activity in specific frequency bands. The
relationship between EEG frequency band activity and normalized rCBF
was determined by means of a voxel-by-voxel analysis of covariance. activity covaried negatively with rCBF most markedly in the thalamus
and also in the brainstem reticular formation, cerebellum, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortex. After the effect of was removed, a significant negative covariation between spindle activity and the residual rCBF was evident in the medial thalamus. These negative covariations may reflect the disfacilitation and active inhibition of thalamocortical relay neurons in association with and
spindles, as well as the neural substrates underlying the progressive
attenuation of sensory awareness, motor responsiveness, and arousal
that occur during SWS. activity covaried positively with rCBF in
the visual and auditory cortex, possibly reflecting processes of
dream-like mentation purported to occur during SWS.
Key words:
reticular formation;
thalamus;
visual cortex;
EEG;
PET;
consciousness
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