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Volume 17, Number 13,
Issue of July 1, 1997
pp. 5046-5061
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Cellular Composition and Three-Dimensional Organization of the
Subventricular Germinal Zone in the Adult Mammalian Brain
Received Dec. 23, 1996; revised March 19, 1997; accepted April 15, 1997.
Fiona Doetsch1,
Jose
Manuel García-Verdugo2, and
Arturo Alvarez-Buylla1
1 The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, and 2 Universidad de Valencia, Burjasot-46100, Valencia,
Spain
The adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ) contains stem
cells that give rise to neurons and glia. In vivo, SVZ
progeny migrate 3-8 mm to the olfactory bulb, where they form neurons. We show here that the SVZ of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles in adult mice is composed of neuroblasts, glial cells, and a novel putative precursor cell. The topographical organization of these cells
suggests how neurogenesis and migration are integrated in this region.
Type A cells had the ultrastructure of migrating neuronal precursors.
These cells were arranged as chains parallel to the walls of the
ventricle and were polysialylated neural adhesion cell molecule-
(PSA-NCAM), TuJ1- ( -tubulin), and nestin-positive but GFAP- and
vimentin-negative. Chains of Type A cells were ensheathed by two
ultrastructurally distinct astrocytes (Type B1 and B2) that were GFAP-,
vimentin-, and nestin-positive but PSA-NCAM- and TuJ1-negative. Type A
and B2 (but not B1) cells incorporated [3H]thymidine. The most actively dividing cell in
the SVZ corresponded to Type C cells, which had immature
ultrastructural characteristics and were nestin-positive but negative
to the other markers. Type C cells formed focal clusters closely
associated with chains of Type A cells. Whereas Type C cells were
present throughout the SVZ, they were not found in the rostral
migratory stream that links the SVZ with the olfactory bulb. These
results suggest that chains of migrating neuroblasts in the SVZ may be
derived from Type C cells. Our results provide a topographical model
for the adult SVZ and should serve as a basis for the in
vivo identification of stem cells in the adult mammalian
brain.
Key words:
subventricular zone;
subependymal zone;
neurogenesis;
stem cells;
ultrastructure;
tangential migration;
chain migration;
astrocytes;
ependyma
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Neuroscientist,
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[Abstract]
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M. Maekawa, N. Takashima, Y. Arai, T. Nomura, K. Inokuchi, S. Yuasa, and N. Osumi
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M. Kohwi, N. Osumi, J. L. R. Rubenstein, and A. Alvarez-Buylla
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B. Scheffler, N. M. Walton, D. D. Lin, A. K. Goetz, G. Enikolopov, S. N. Roper, and D. A. Steindler
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PNAS,
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T.-W. Wang, H. Zhang, and J. M. Parent
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Development,
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J. M. Wang, P. B. Johnston, B. G. Ball, and R. D. Brinton
The Neurosteroid Allopregnanolone Promotes Proliferation of Rodent and Human Neural Progenitor Cells and Regulates Cell-Cycle Gene and Protein Expression
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May 11, 2005;
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D. N. Abrous, M. Koehl, and M. Le Moal
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Physiol Rev,
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R. Feuer, R. R. Pagarigan, S. Harkins, F. Liu, I. P. Hunziker, and J. L. Whitton
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A. Liu, C. Stadelmann, M. Moscarello, W. Bruck, A. Sobel, F. G. Mastronardi, and P. Casaccia-Bonnefil
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N. Spassky, F. T. Merkle, N. Flames, A. D. Tramontin, J. M. Garcia-Verdugo, and A. Alvarez-Buylla
Adult Ependymal Cells Are Postmitotic and Are Derived from Radial Glial Cells during Embryogenesis
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P.-M. Lledo, G. Gheusi, and J.-D. Vincent
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F. T. Merkle, A. D. Tramontin, J. M. Garcia-Verdugo, and A. Alvarez-Buylla
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PNAS,
December 14, 2004;
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J. M. Soria, P. Taglialatela, S. Gil-Perotin, R. Galli, A. Gritti, J. M. G. Verdugo, and S. Bertuzzi
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J. Chen, S. S. P. Magavi, and J. D. Macklis
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PNAS,
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E. Enwere, T. Shingo, C. Gregg, H. Fujikawa, S. Ohta, and S. Weiss
Aging Results in Reduced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling, Diminished Olfactory Neurogenesis, and Deficits in Fine Olfactory Discrimination
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A. J. Bolteus and A. Bordey
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S. Ferron, H. Mira, S. Franco, M. Cano-Jaimez, E. Bellmunt, C. Ramirez, I. Farinas, and M. A. Blasco
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U. Gurok, C. Steinhoff, B. Lipkowitz, H.-H. Ropers, C. Scharff, and U. A. Nuber
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A. A. Aguirre, R. Chittajallu, S. Belachew, and V. Gallo
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Adenovirally Expressed Noggin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Cooperate to Induce New Medium Spiny Neurons from Resident Progenitor Cells in the Adult Striatal Ventricular Zone
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A. Y. Maslov, T. A. Barone, R. J. Plunkett, and S. C. Pruitt
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K. T. Nguyen-Ba-Charvet, N. Picard-Riera, M. Tessier-Lavigne, A. Baron-Van Evercooren, C. Sotelo, and A. Chedotal
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B. Moreno-Lopez, C. Romero-Grimaldi, J. A. Noval, M. Murillo-Carretero, E. R. Matarredona, and C. Estrada
Nitric Oxide Is a Physiological Inhibitor of Neurogenesis in the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone and Olfactory Bulb
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C. Gregg and S. Weiss
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C. D. Katsetos, A. Legido, E. Perentes, and S. J. Mork
Class III {beta}-Tubulin Isotype: A Key Cytoskeletal Protein at the Crossroads of Developmental Neurobiology and Tumor Neuropathology
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F. Luzzati, P. Peretto, P. Aimar, G. Ponti, A. Fasolo, and L. Bonfanti
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PNAS,
October 28, 2003;
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D. D. Wang, D. D. Krueger, and A. Bordey
Biophysical Properties and Ionic Signature of Neuronal Progenitors of the Postnatal Subventricular Zone In Situ
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R. Feuer, I. Mena, R. R. Pagarigan, S. Harkins, D. E. Hassett, and J. L. Whitton
Coxsackievirus B3 and the Neonatal CNS: The Roles of Stem Cells, Developing Neurons, and Apoptosis in Infection, Viral Dissemination, and Disease
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J. Imitola, E. Y. Snyder, and S. J. Khoury
Genetic programs and responses of neural stem/progenitor cells during demyelination: potential insights into repair mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
Physiol Genomics,
August 15, 2003;
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M. A. Packer, Y. Stasiv, A. Benraiss, E. Chmielnicki, A. Grinberg, H. Westphal, S. A. Goldman, and G. Enikolopov
Nitric oxide negatively regulates mammalian adult neurogenesis
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D D Wang, D D Krueger, and A Bordey
GABA Depolarizes Neuronal Progenitors of the Postnatal Subventricular Zone Via GABAA Receptor Activation
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D. Kaushal, J. J. A. Contos, K. Treuner, A. H. Yang, M. A. Kingsbury, S. K. Rehen, M. J. McConnell, M. Okabe, C. Barlow, and J. Chun
Alteration of Gene Expression by Chromosome Loss in the Postnatal Mouse Brain
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T. Weissman, S. C. Noctor, B. K. Clinton, L. S. Honig, and A. R. Kriegstein
Neurogenic Radial Glial Cells in Reptile, Rodent and Human: from Mitosis to Migration
Cereb Cortex,
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