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Volume 17, Number 13,
Issue of July 1, 1997
pp. 5089-5100
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Evidence that 4-Hydroxynonenal Mediates Oxidative Stress-Induced
Neuronal Apoptosis
Received Feb. 21, 1997; revised April 4, 1997; accepted April 23, 1997.
Inna Kruman1,
Annadora
J. Bruce-Keller1,
Dale Bredesen2,
Georg Waeg3, and
Mark P. Mattson1
1 Sanders-Brown Research Center on Aging and Department
of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky 40536, 2 Program on Aging, The Burnaham Institute,
La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, La Jolla, California 92037, and
3 Institute for Biochemistry, University of Graz, A-8010
Graz, Austria
Oxidative stress is believed to play important roles in neuronal
cell death associated with many different neurodegenerative conditions
(e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral
ischemia), and it is believed also that apoptosis is an important mode
of cell death in these disorders. Membrane lipid peroxidation has been
documented in the brain regions affected in these disorders as well as
in cell culture and in vivo models. We now provide
evidence that 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), an aldehydic product of membrane
lipid peroxidation, is a key mediator of neuronal apoptosis induced by
oxidative stress. HNE induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and primary rat
hippocampal neurons. Oxidative insults (FeSO4 and amyloid
-peptide) induced lipid peroxidation, cellular accumulation of HNE,
and apoptosis. Bcl-2 prevented apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by
oxidative stress and HNE. Antioxidants that suppress lipid peroxidation
protected against apoptosis induced by oxidative insults, but not that
induced by HNE. Glutathione, which binds HNE, protected neurons against
apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and HNE. PC12 cells expressing
Bcl-2 exhibited higher levels of glutathione and lower levels of HNE
after oxidative stress. Collectively, the data identify that HNE is a
novel nonprotein mediator of oxidative stress-induced neuronal
apoptosis and suggest that the antiapoptotic action of glutathione may
involve detoxification of HNE.
Key words:
Alzheimer's disease;
amyloid -peptide;
Bcl-2;
glutathione;
hippocampal neurons;
iron;
lipid peroxidation;
mitochondria;
programmed cell death;
reactive oxygen species;
vitamin
E
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