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Volume 17, Number 16, Issue of August 15, 1997 pp. 6023-6030
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceDendritic Computation of Direction Selectivity and Gain Control in Visual Interneurons
Received April 15, 1997; revised May 22, 1997; accepted May 23, 1997.
Sandra Single, Juergen Haag, and Alexander Borst Friedrich-Miescher-Laboratory, Max-Planck-Society, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
The extraction of motion information from time varying retinal images is a fundamental task of visual systems. Accordingly, neurons that selectively respond to visual motion are found in almost all species investigated so far. Despite its general importance, the cellular mechanisms underlying direction selectivity are not yet understood in most systems. Blocking inhibitory input to fly visual interneurons by picrotoxinin (PTX), we demonstrate that their direction selectivity arises largely from interactions between postsynaptic signals elicited by excitatory and inhibitory input elements, which are themselves only weakly tuned to opposite directions of motion. Their joint activation by preferred as well as null direction motion leads to a mixed reversal potential at which the postsynaptic response settles for large field stimuli. Assuming the activation ratio of these opponent inputs to be a function of pattern velocity can explain how the postsynaptic membrane potential saturates with increasing pattern size at different levels for different pattern velocities ("gain control"). Accordingly, we find that after blocking the inhibitory input by PTX, gain control is abolished.
Key words: direction selectivity; motion detection; membrane parameters; compartmental model; synaptic conductance; neural computation; gain control; fly
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