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Volume 17, Number 16, Issue of August 15, 1997 pp. 6179-6188
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience

Global Ischemia Induces Downregulation of Glur2 mRNA and Increases AMPA Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Influx in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons of Gerbil

Received March 19, 1997; revised April 30, 1997; accepted May 28, 1997.

Jan A. Gorter1, Jeffrey J. Petrozzino2, Eleonora M. Aronica1, Daniel M. Rosenbaum1, Thoralf Opitz1, Michael V. L. Bennett1, John A. Connor2, and R. Suzanne Zukin1

1 Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, and 2 Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, New Jersey 07110

Transient, severe forebrain or global ischemia leads to delayed cell death of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death after global ischemia are as yet unknown. Glutamate receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx is thought to play a critical role in this cell death. In situ hybridization revealed that the expression of mRNA encoding GluR2 (the subunit that limits Ca2+ permeability of AMPA-type glutamate receptors) was markedly and specifically reduced in gerbil CA1 pyramidal neurons after global ischemia but before the onset of neurodegeneration. To determine whether the change in GluR2 expression is functionally significant, we examined the AMPA receptor-mediated rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) in individual CA1 pyramidal neurons by optical imaging with the Ca2+ indicator dye fura-2 and by intracellular recording. Seventy-two hours after ischemia, CA1 neurons that retained the ability to fire action potentials exhibited a greatly enhanced AMPA-elicited rise in [Ca2+]i. Basal [Ca2+]i in these neurons was unchanged. These findings provide evidence for Ca2+ entry directly through AMPA receptors in pyramidal neurons destined to die. Downregulation of GluR2 gene expression and an increase in Ca2+ influx through AMPA receptors in response to endogenous glutamate are likely to contribute to the delayed neuronal death after global ischemia.

Key words: global ischemia; glutamate receptor regulation; AMPA receptor; GluR2; GluRB; hippocampus; CA1; intracellular calcium; intracellular recording; neurodegeneration; delayed neurodegeneration; optical imaging; gerbil




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