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Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 17, Number 17, Issue of September 1, 1997 pp. 6639-6646
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceProlonged Sodium Channel Inactivation Contributes to Dendritic Action Potential Attenuation in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
Received May 1, 1997; revised June 20, 1997; accepted June 23, 1997.
Hae-Yoon Jung , Timothy Mickus , and Nelson Spruston Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3520
During low-frequency firing, action potentials actively invade the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. At higher firing rates, however, activity-dependent processes result in the attenuation of back-propagating action potentials, and propagation failures occur at some dendritic branch points. We tested two major hypotheses related to this activity-dependent attenuation of back-propagating action potentials: (1) that it is mediated by a prolonged form of sodium channel inactivation and (2) that it is mediated by a persistent dendritic shunt activated by back-propagating action potentials. We found no evidence for a persistent shunt, but we did find that cumulative, prolonged inactivation of sodium channels develops during repetitive action potential firing. This inactivation is significant after a single action potential and continues to develop during several action potentials thereafter, until a steady-state sodium current is established. Recovery from this form of inactivation is much slower than its induction, but recovery can be accelerated by hyperpolarization. The similarity of these properties to the time and voltage dependence of attenuation and recovery of dendritic action potentials suggests that dendritic sodium channel inactivation contributes to the activity dependence of action potential back-propagation in CA1 neurons. Hence, the biophysical properties of dendritic sodium channels will be important determinants of action potential-mediated effects on synaptic integration and plasticity in hippocampal neurons.
Key words: dendrite; action potential; sodium channels; synaptic integration; pyramidal neuron; activity dependent
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