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Volume 17, Number 18,
Issue of September 15, 1997
pp. 6929-6938
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Phosphorylation of the Synaptic Protein Interaction Site on
N-type Calcium Channels Inhibits Interactions with SNARE Proteins
Received April 28, 1997; revised July 2, 1997; accepted July 7, 1997.
Charles T. Yokoyama2,
Zu-Hang Sheng1, and
William
A. Catterall1
1 Department of Pharmacology and 2 Graduate
Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195
The synaptic protein interaction (synprint) site on the N-type
calcium channel 1B subunit binds to the soluble
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive attachment factor receptor
(SNARE) proteins syntaxin and synaptosomal protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25),
and this association may be required for efficient fast synaptic
transmission. Protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium and
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaM KII) phosphorylated a
recombinant his-tagged synprint site polypeptide rapidly to a
stoichiometry of 3-4 mol of phosphate/mol, whereas cAMP-dependent
protein kinase (PKA) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG)
phosphorylated the synprint peptide more slowly to a stoichiometry of
<1 mol/mol. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping revealed similar
patterns of phosphorylation of synprint polypeptides and native rat
brain N-type calcium channel 1B subunits by PKC and Cam
KII. Phosphorylation of the synprint peptide with PKC or CaM KII, but
not PKA or PKG, strongly inhibited binding of recombinant syntaxin or
SNAP-25, even at a level of free calcium (15 µM) that
stimulates maximal binding. In contrast, phosphorylation of syntaxin
and SNAP-25 with PKC and CaM KII did not affect interactions with the
synprint site. Binding assays with polypeptides representing the N- and
C-terminal halves of the synprint site indicate that the PKC- and CaM
KII-mediated inhibition of binding involves multiple, disperse
phosphorylation sites. PKC or CaM KII phosphorylation of the synprint
peptide also inhibited its interactions with native rat brain SNARE
complexes containing syntaxin and SNAP-25. These results suggest that
phosphorylation of the synprint site by PKC or CaM KII may serve as a
biochemical switch for interactions between N-type calcium channels and
SNARE protein complexes.
Key words:
N-type calcium channel;
synprint site;
protein kinase C;
Ca2+/CaM kinase II;
SNARE complex;
syntaxin 1A;
SNAP-25
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