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Volume 17, Number 18,
Issue of September 15, 1997
pp. 6961-6973
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Linearized Buffered Ca2+ Diffusion in Microdomains
and Its Implications for Calculation of [Ca2+] at the
Mouth of a Calcium Channel
Received March 25, 1997; revised June 26, 1997; accepted June 30, 1997.
Mohammad Naraghi and
Erwin Neher
Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, D-37070 Göttingen, Germany
Immobile and mobile calcium buffers shape the calcium signal close
to a channel by reducing and localizing the transient calcium increase
to physiological compartments. In this paper, we focus on the impact of
mobile buffers in shaping steady-state calcium gradients in the
vicinity of an open channel, i.e. within its "calcium microdomain."
We present a linear approximation of the combined reaction-diffusion
problem, which can be solved explicitly and accounts for an arbitrary
number of calcium buffers, either endogenous or added exogenously. It
is valid for small saturation levels of the present buffers and shows
that within a few hundred nanometers from the channel, standing calcium
gradients develop in hundreds of microseconds after channel opening. It
is shown that every buffer can be assigned a uniquely defined
length-constant as a measure of its capability to buffer calcium close
to the channel. The length-constant clarifies intuitively the
significance of buffer binding and unbinding kinetics for understanding
local calcium signals. Hence, we examine the parameters shaping these steady-state gradients. The model can be used to check the expected influence of single channel calcium microdomains on physiological processes such as excitation-secretion coupling or
excitation-contraction coupling and to explore the differential effect
of kinetic buffer parameters on the shape of these microdomains.
Key words:
Ca2+ microdomains;
Ca2+ diffusion;
Ca2+ buffers;
buffer
kinetics;
diffusion modeling;
synaptic transmission
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