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Volume 17, Number 18,
Issue of September 15, 1997
pp. 7037-7044
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Cell Coupling and Uncoupling in the Ventricular Zone of
Developing Neocortex
Received April 24, 1997; revised June 20, 1997; accepted June 26, 1997.
Kevin Bittman1,
David
F. Owens2,
Arnold R. Kriegstein2, and
Joseph J. LoTurco1
1 Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University
of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, and 2 Department of
Neurology and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University
Medical Center, New York, New York
Cells within the ventricular zone (VZ) of developing neocortex are
coupled together into clusters by gap junction channels. The specific
role of clustering in cortical neurogenesis is unknown; however,
clustering provides a means for spatially restricted local interactions
between subsets of precursors and other cells within the VZ. In the
present study, we have used a combination of 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine
(BrDU) pulse labeling, intracellular biocytin labeling, and
immunocytochemistry to determine when in the cell cycle VZ cells couple
and uncouple from clusters and to determine what cell types within the
VZ are coupled to clusters. Our results indicate that clusters contain
radial glia and neural precursors but do not contain differentiating or
migrating neurons. In early neurogenesis, all precursors in S and
G2 phases of the cell cycle are coupled, and approximately
half of the cells in G1 are coupled. In late neurogenesis,
however, over half of the cells in both G1 and S phases are
not coupled to VZ clusters, whereas all cells in G2 are
coupled to clusters. Increased uncoupling in S phase during late
neurogenesis may contribute to the greater percentage of VZ cells
exiting the cell cycle at this time. Consistent with this hypothesis,
we found that pharmacologically uncoupling VZ cells with octanol
decreases the percentage of VZ cells that enter S phase. These results
demonstrate that cell clustering in the VZ is restricted to neural
precursors and radial glia, is dynamic through the cell cycle, and may
play a role in regulating neurogenesis.
Key words:
neurogenesis;
cerebral cortex;
development;
gap
junctions;
migration;
cell cycle
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