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Volume 17, Number 19, Issue of October 1, 1997 pp. 7297-7306
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceGain of Rod to Horizontal Cell Synaptic Transfer: Relation to Glutamate Release and a Dihydropyridine-Sensitive Calcium Current
Received March 25, 1997; revised June 2, 1997; accepted July 18, 1997.
Paul Witkovsky1, 2, Yvonne Schmitz1, Abram Akopian1, David Krizaj1, 2, and Daniel Tranchina3 Departments of 1 Ophthalmology and 2 Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, and 3 Departments of Biology and Mathematics and the Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
We related rod to horizontal cell synaptic transfer to glutamate release by rods. Simultaneous intracellular records were obtained from dark-adapted rod-horizontal cell pairs. Steady-state synaptic gain (defined as the ratio of horizontal cell voltage to rod voltage evoked by the same light stimulus) was 3.35 ± 0.60 for dim flashes and 1.50 ± 0.03 for bright flashes. Under conditions of maintained illumination, there was a measurable increment of horizontal cell hyperpolarization for each light-induced increment of rod hyperpolarization over the full range of rod voltages.
In separate experiments we studied glutamate release from an intact, light-responsive photoreceptor layer, from which inner retinal layers were removed. Steady light reduced glutamate release as a monotonic function of intensity; spectral sensitivity measures indicated that we monitored glutamate release from rods. The dependence of glutamate release on rod voltage was well fit by the activation function for a high-voltage-activated, dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium current, suggesting a linear dependence of glutamate release on [Ca]i in the synaptic terminal. A simple model incorporating this assumption accounts for the steady-state gain of the rod to horizontal cell synapse.
Key words: Xenopus; photoreceptor; rod; synaptic gain; horizontal cell; glutamate release; calcium
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