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Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 17, Number 19, Issue of October 1, 1997 pp. 7480-7489
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceNeural Coding Mechanisms in Tactile Pattern Recognition: The Relative Contributions of Slowly and Rapidly Adapting Mechanoreceptors to Perceived Roughness
Received March 12, 1997; revised July 10, 1997; accepted July 14, 1997.
David T. Blake, Steven S. Hsiao, and Kenneth O. Johnson Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Neuroscience Department, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Tactile pattern recognition depends on form and texture perception. A principal dimension of texture perception is roughness, the neural coding of which was the focus of this study. Previous studies have shown that perceived roughness is not based on neural activity in the Pacinian or cutaneous slowly adapting type II (SAII) neural responses or on mean impulse rate or temporal patterning in the cutaneous slowly adapting type I (SAI) or rapidly adapting (RA) discharge evoked by a textured surface. However, those studies found very high correlations between roughness scaling by humans and measures of spatial variation in SAI and RA firing rates. The present study used textured surfaces composed of dots of varying height (280-620 µm) and diameter (0.25-2.5 mm) in psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments. RA responses were affected least by the range of dot diameters and heights that produced the widest variation in perceived roughness, and these responses could not account for the psychophysical data. In contrast, spatial variation in SAI impulse rate was correlated closely with perceived roughness over the whole stimulus range, and a single measure of SAI spatial variation accounts for the psychophysical data in this (0.974 correlation) and two previous studies. Analyses based on the possibility that perceived roughness depends on both afferent types suggest that if the RA response plays a role in roughness perception, it is one of mild inhibition. These data reinforce the hypothesis that SAI afferents are mainly responsible for information about form and texture whereas RA afferents are mainly responsible for information about flutter, slip, and motion across the skin surface.
Key words: pattern recognition; texture; roughness; mechanoreceptor; somatosensory; neurophysiology; psychophysics; rhesus
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