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Volume 17, Number 2,
Issue of January 15, 1997
pp. 667-675
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Resetting the Biological Clock: Mediation of Nocturnal CREB
Phosphorylation via Light, Glutamate, and Nitric Oxide
Received July 7, 1996; revised Oct. 25, 1996; accepted Oct. 29, 1996.
Jian M. Ding1, 3,
Lia E. Faiman1,
William J. Hurst1,
Liana R. Kuriashkina2, and
Martha U. Gillette1, 2, 3
1 Department of Cell and Structural Biology,
2 Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
3 The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana,
Illinois 61801
Synchronization between the environmental lighting cycle and the
biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is correlated
with phosphorylation of the Ca2+/cAMP response element
binding protein (CREB) at the transcriptional activating site
Ser133. Mechanisms mediating the formation of phospho-CREB
(P-CREB) and their relation to clock resetting are unknown. To address these issues, we probed the signaling pathway between light and P-CREB.
Nocturnal light rapidly and transiently induced P-CREB-like immunoreactivity (P-CREB-lir) in the rat SCN. Glutamate (Glu) or nitric
oxide (NO) donor administration in vitro also induced P-CREB-lir in SCN neurons only during subjective night.
Clock-controlled sensitivity to phase resetting by light, Glu, and NO
is similarly restricted to subjective night. The effects of NMDA and
nitric oxide synthase (NOS) antagonists on Glu-mediated induction of P-CREB-lir paralleled their inhibition of phase shifting.
Significantly, among neurons in which P-CREB-lir was induced by light
were NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons of the SCN's retinorecipient
area. Glu treatment increased the intensity of a 43 kDa band recognized
by anti-P-CREB antibodies in subjective night but not day, whereas
anti- CREB-lir of this band remained constant between night and day.
Inhibition of NOS during Glu stimulation diminished the anti-P-CREB-lir
of this 43 kDa band. Together, these data couple nocturnal light, Glu, NMDA receptor activation and NO signaling to CREB phosphorylation in
the transduction of brief environmental light stimulation of the retina
into molecular changes in the SCN resulting in phase resetting of the
biological clock.
Key words:
suprachiasmatic nucleus;
circadian rhythm;
glutamate;
NMDA;
nitric oxide;
CREB phosphorylation;
immunocytochemistry;
Western
blot;
nuclear protein extraction;
diaphorase;
APV;
L-NAME;
D-NAME;
SNAP
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