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Volume 17, Number 20, Issue of October 15, 1997 pp. 7736-7745
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience

Aggregated Amyloid-beta Protein Induces Cortical Neuronal Apoptosis and Concomitant "Apoptotic" Pattern of Gene Induction

Received June 19, 1997; accepted July 29, 1997.

Steven Estus1, H. Michael Tucker1, Corlia van Rooyen1, Sarah Wright2, Elizabeth F. Brigham2, Mark Wogulis2, and Russell E. Rydel2

1 Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, and 2 Athena Neurosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080

To gain a molecular understanding of neuronal responses to amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta ), we have analyzed the effects of Abeta treatment on neuronal gene expression in vitro by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization. Treatment of cultured rat cortical neurons with Abeta 1-40 results in a widespread apoptotic neuronal death. Associated with death is an induction of several members of the immediate early gene family. Specifically, we (1) report the time-dependent and robust induction of c-jun, junB, c-fos, and fosB, as well as transin, which is induced by c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers and encodes an extracellular matrix protease; these gene inductions appear to be selective because other Jun and Fos family members, i.e., junD and fra-1, are induced only marginally; (2) show that the c-jun induction is widespread, whereas c-fos expression is restricted to a subset of neurons, typically those with condensed chromatin, which is a hallmark of apoptosis; (3) correlate gene induction and neuronal death by showing that each has a similar dose-response to Abeta ; and (4) demonstrate that both cell death and immediate early gene induction are dependent on Abeta aggregation state. This overall gene expression pattern during this "physiologically inappropriate" apoptotic stimulus is markedly similar to the pattern we previously identified after a "physiologically appropriate" stimulus, i.e., the NGF deprivation-induced death of sympathetic neurons. Hence, the parallels identified here further our understanding of the genetic alterations that may lead neurons to apoptosis in response to markedly different insults.

Key words: amyloid; apoptosis; immediate early genes; Alzheimer's disease; programmed cell death




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