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Volume 17, Number 21,
Issue of November 1, 1997
pp. 8528-8535
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Supranormal Stimulation of D1 Dopamine Receptors in
the Rodent Prefrontal Cortex Impairs Spatial Working Memory
Performance
Received April 16, 1997; revised July 28, 1997; accepted Aug. 14, 1997.
Justin Zahrt1,
Jane R. Taylor2,
Rex G. Mathew1, and
Amy F. T. Arnsten1
1 Section of Neurobiology and 2 Department
of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
Although previous research has emphasized the beneficial effects of
dopamine (DA) on functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), recent
studies of animals exposed to mild stress indicate that excessive DA
receptor stimulation may be detrimental to the spatial working memory
functions of the PFC (; , ,, ). In particular, these studies have suggested that
supranormal stimulation of D1 receptors may contribute to
the detrimental actions of DA in the PFC (, ).
The current study directly tested this hypothesis by examining the
effects of infusing a full D1 receptor agonist, SKF 81297, into the PFC of rats performing a spatial working memory task, delayed
alternation. SKF 81297 produced a dose-related impairment in
delayed-alternation performance. The impairment was reversed by
pretreatment with a D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, consistent with drug actions at D1 receptors. SCH 23390 by
itself had no effect on performance, although slightly higher doses
impaired performance (, ). There was a
significant relationship between infusion location and drug efficacy;
animals with cannulae anterior to the PFC were not impaired by SKF
81297 infusions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that
supranormal D1 receptor stimulation in the PFC is
sufficient to impair PFC working memory function. These cognitive data
are consistent with recent electrophysiological studies of
D1 receptor mechanisms affecting the PFC (; ). Increased D1
receptor stimulation during stress may serve to take the PFC
"off-line" to allow posterior cortical and subcortical structures
to regulate behavior, but may contribute to the vulnerability of the
PFC in many neuropsychiatric disorders.
Key words:
dopamine;
D1 receptor;
prefrontal cortex;
working memory;
stress;
schizophrenia
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