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Volume 17, Number 21,
Issue of November 1, 1997
pp. 8566-8579
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Neuronal Activity in Monkey Superior Colliculus Related to the
Initiation of Saccadic Eye Movements
Received June 3, 1997; revised Aug. 11, 1997; accepted Aug. 18, 1997.
Michael C. Dorris,
Martin Paré, and
Douglas P. Munoz
Medical Research Council Group in Sensory-Motor Neuroscience,
Department of Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario,
Canada K7L 3N6
The introduction of a temporal gap between the disappearance
of an initially fixated target and the appearance of an eccentric saccadic target results in a general reduction of saccadic reaction times (SRTs) the gap effectand often in the
production of express saccades, the latencies of which
approach the conduction time of the shortest neural pathways from the
retina to the eye muscles. We investigated saccade initiation by
recording neuronal activity in the superior colliculus in monkeys
performing the gap paradigm. Fixation-related neurons reduced their
discharge rate during the gap period, regardless of the SRT. This
reduction in activity is consistent with the hypothesized release of
ocular fixation that facilitates premotor processes and may contribute
to the gap effect. In addition to saccade-related discharges, many
saccade-related neurons displayed phasic target-related responses
and/or low-frequency preparatory activity during the gap period. The
level of this preparatory activity correlated with both SRT and express
saccade occurrence when the saccade was made into the response field of the neuron. Evidence indicates that advanced motor preparation is
required for express saccade generation, which may be subserved by
specific increases in the preparatory activity of saccade-related neurons. Increased preparatory activity may allow the target-related responses to trigger short-latency express saccades directly. This
study provides insights into the functional mechanism of saccade
initiation and may be relevant to the generation of all voluntary motor
responses.
Key words:
saccade;
oculomotor;
reaction times;
superior colliculus;
monkey;
fixation;
motor preparation;
express saccades;
gap effect.
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