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Volume 17, Number 23, Issue of December 1, 1997 pp. 9048-9059
Mechanism and Kinetics of Heterosynaptic Depression at a Cerebellar Synapse
Jeremy S. Dittman and Wade G. Regehr Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
High levels of activity at a synapse can lead to spillover of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. This extrasynaptic neurotransmitter can diffuse to neighboring synapses and modulate transmission via presynaptic receptors. We studied such modulation at the synapse between granule cells and Purkinje cells in rat cerebellar slices. Brief tetanic stimulation of granule cell parallel fibers activated inhibitory neurons, leading to a transient elevation of extracellular GABA, which in turn caused a short-lived heterosynaptic depression of the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell EPSC. Fluorometric calcium measurements revealed that this synaptic inhibition was associated with a decrease in presynaptic calcium influx. Heterosynaptic inhibition of synaptic currents and calcium influx was eliminated by antagonists of the GABAB receptor. The magnitude and time course of the depression of calcium influx were mimicked by the rapid release of an estimated 10 µM GABA using the technique of flash photolysis. We found that inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx peaked within 300 msec and decayed in <3 sec at 32°C. These results indicate that presynaptic GABAB receptors can sense extrasynaptic GABA increases of several micromolar and that they rapidly regulate the release of neurotransmitter primarily by modulating voltage-gated calcium channels.
Key words: synaptic modulation; magnesium green; caged GABA; Purkinje cell; granule cell; paired-pulse facilitation; GABAB receptor
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