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Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 17, Number 23, Issue of December 1, 1997 pp. 9212-9219
Glutamate Transporter GLAST Is Expressed in the Radial Glia-Astrocyte Lineage of Developing Mouse Spinal Cord
Received June 19, 1997; revised Sept. 11, 1997; accepted Sept. 19, 1997.
Takashi Shibata1, 2, Keiko Yamada1, Masahiko Watanabe1, Kazuhiro Ikenaka3, Keiji Wada4, Kohichi Tanaka4, and Yoshiro Inoue1 Departments of 1 Anatomy and 2 Urology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060, Japan, 3 National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Okazaki 444, Japan, and 4 Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187, Japan
The glutamate transporter GLAST is localized on the cell membrane of mature astrocytes and is also expressed in the ventricular zone of developing brains. To characterize and follow the GLAST-expressing cells during development, we examined the mouse spinal cord by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day (E) 11 and E13, cells expressing GLAST mRNA were present only in the ventricular zone, where GLAST immunoreactivity was associated with most of the cell bodies of neuroepithelial cells. In addition, GLAST immunoreactivity was detected in radial processes running through the mantle and marginal zones. From this characteristic cytology, GLAST-expressing cells at early stages were judged to be radial glia cells. At E15, cells expressing GLAST mRNA first appeared in the mantle zone, and GLAST-immunopositive punctate or reticular protrusions were formed along the radial processes. From E18 to postnatal day (P) 7, GLAST mRNA or its immunoreactivity gradually decreased from the ventricular zone and disappeared from radial processes, whereas cells with GLAST mRNA spread all over the mantle zone and GLAST-immunopositive punctate/reticular protrusions predominated in the neuropils. At P7, GLAST-expressing cells were immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate filament specific to astrocytes. Therefore, the glutamate transporter GLAST is expressed from radial glia through astrocytes during spinal cord development. Furthermore, the distinct changes in the cell position and morphology suggest that both the migration and transformation of radial glia cells begin in the spinal cord between E13 and E15, when the active stage of neuronal migration is over.
Key words: glutamate transporter; GLAST; radial glia; astrocyte; spinal cord; development; in situ hybridization; immunohistochemistry; mouse
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