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Volume 17, Number 24,
Issue of December 15, 1997
pp. 9415-9422
Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Catabolism Involves the
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathway
Received Aug. 7, 1997; revised Sept. 17, 1997; accepted Sept. 28, 1997.
Julia Mills1, 2,
David Laurent Charest3, 4,
Fred Lam1, 2,
Konrad Beyreuther5,
Nobuo Ida5,
Steven L. Pelech3, 4, and
Peter B. Reiner1
1 Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research,
Department of Psychiatry, 2 Graduate Program in
Neuroscience, 3 Department of Medicine, and
4 Kinetek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3, and
5 Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg,
D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Catabolic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is
subject to regulatory control by protein kinases. We hypothesized that
this regulation involves sequential activation of the enzymes mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). In the present investigation, we
provide evidence that MEK is critically involved in regulating APP
processing by both nerve growth factor and phorbol esters. Western blot
analysis of the soluble N-terminal APP derivative APPs
demonstrated that the synthetic MEK inhibitor PD 98059 antagonized nerve growth factor stimulation of both APPs production and
ERK activation in PC12 cells. Moreover, PD 98059 inhibited phorbol ester stimulation of APPs production and activation of ERK
in both human embryonic kidney cells and cortical neurons. Furthermore, overexpression of a kinase-inactive MEK mutant inhibited phorbol ester
stimulation of APP secretion and activation of ERK in human embryonic
kidney cell lines. Most important, PD 98059 antagonized phorbol
ester-mediated inhibition of A secretion from cells overexpressing human APP695 carrying the "Swedish mutation." Taken
together, these data indicate that MEK and ERK may be critically
involved in protein kinase C and nerve growth factor regulation of APP processing. The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade may provide a
novel target for altering catabolic processing of APP.
Key words:
amyloid precursor protein;
amyloid -peptide;
protein
kinase C;
nerve growth factor;
mitogen-activated protein kinase;
Alzheimer's disease
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