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Volume 17, Number 24,
Issue of December 15, 1997
pp. 9565-9572
Isoform Specificity in the Relationship of Actin to Dendritic
Spines
Received July 28, 1997; revised Sept. 29, 1997; accepted Oct. 3, 1997.
Stefanie Kaech,
Maria Fischer,
Thierry Doll, and
Andrew Matus
Friedrich Miescher Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
Dendritic spines contain high concentrations of actin, but neither
the isoforms involved nor the mechanism of accumulation is known.
In situ hybridization with specific probes established that - and -cytoplasmic actins are selectively expressed at high
levels by spine-bearing neurons. Transfecting cultured hippocampal neurons with epitope-tagged actin isoforms showed that cytoplasmic -
and -cytoplasmic actins are correctly targeted to spines, whereas
-cardiac muscle actin, which is normally absent from neurons, formed
aggregates in dendrites. The transfected actin cDNAs contained only
coding domains, suggesting that spine targeting involves amino acid
sequences in the proteins, an interpretation supported by experiments
with chimeric cDNAs in which C-terminal actin sequences were found to
be determinative in spine targeting. By contrast to actin, microtubule
components, including tubulin and MAP2, were restricted to the
dendritic shaft domain. The close association of cytoplasmic actins
with spines together with their general involvement in cell surface
motility further supports the idea that actin motility-based changes in
spine shape may contribute to synaptic plasticity.
Key words:
cytoskeleton;
dendrites;
synapses;
neuroanatomy;
brain;
central nervous system;
microtubules;
microtubule-associated proteins;
MAP2;
gene expression;
plasticity
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