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Volume 17, Number 3,
Issue of February 1, 1997
pp. 1147-1167
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Song- and Order-Selective Neurons in the Songbird Anterior
Forebrain and their Emergence during Vocal Development
Received June 3, 1996; revised Nov. 14, 1996; accepted Nov. 15, 1996.
Allison J. Doupe
Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Departments of Psychiatry
and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,
California 94143-0444
Auditory experience is critical for vocal learning in songbirds as
in humans. Therefore, in a search for neural mechanisms for song
learning and recognition, the auditory response properties of neurons
in the anterior forebrain (AF) pathway of the songbird brain were
investigated. This pathway plays an essential but poorly understood
role during the period of song development when auditory feedback is
most crucial.
Single-unit recordings demonstrated that both the lateral magnocellular
nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN) and Area X (X) contain
auditory neurons in adult male finches. These neurons are strongly
selective for both spectral and temporal properties of song; they
respond more robustly to the bird's own song (BOS) than to songs of
conspecific individuals, and they respond less well to the BOS if it is
played in reverse. In addition, X neurons are more broadly responsive
than LMAN neurons, suggesting that responses to song become
progressively more refined along this pathway.
Both X and LMAN of young male finches early in the process of song
learning (30-45 d old) also contain song-responsive auditory neurons,
but these juvenile neurons lack the song and order selectivity present
in adult birds. The spectral and temporal selectivity of the adult AF
auditory neurons therefore arises during development in neurons that
are initially broadly song-responsive. These neurons provide one of the
clearest examples of experience-dependent acquisition of complex
stimulus selectivity. Moreover, the auditory properties of the AF
circuit suggest that one of its functions may be to mediate the
auditory learning and feedback so essential to song development.
Key words:
auditory response properties;
song learning;
experience-dependent plasticity;
temporal processing;
complex
selectivity;
LMAN;
Area X;
zebra finch;
song system
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