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 Previous Article
Volume 17, Number 3,
Issue of February 1, 1997
pp. 1179-1196
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Spindle Oscillations in Cortex and
Thalamus
Received Nov. 8, 1996; accepted Nov. 25, 1996.
Diego Contreras1,
Alain Destexhe1,
Terrence J. Sejnowski2, and
Mircea Steriade1
1 Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de
Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4,
and 2 The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
Spindle oscillations (7-14 Hz) appear in the thalamus and cortex
during early stages of sleep. They are generated by the combination of
intrinsic properties and connectivity patterns of thalamic neurons and
distributed to cortical territories by thalamocortical axons. The
corticothalamic feedback is a major factor in producing coherent
spatiotemporal maps of spindle oscillations in widespread thalamic
territories. Here we have investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of
spontaneously occurring and evoked spindles by means of multisite field
potential and unit recordings in intact cortex and decorticated
animals. We show that (1) spontaneous spindle oscillations are
synchronized over large cortical areas during natural sleep and
barbiturate anesthesia; (2) under barbiturate anesthesia, the cortical
coherence is not disrupted by transection of intracortical synaptic
linkages; (3) in intact cortex animals, spontaneously occurring
barbiturate spindle sequences occur nearly simultaneously over
widespread thalamic territories; (4) in the absence of cortex, the
spontaneous spindle oscillations throughout the thalamus are less
organized, but the local coherence (within 2-4 mm) is still
maintained; and (5) spindling propagation is observed in intact cortex
animals only when elicited by low intensity cortical stimulation,
applied shortly before the initiation of a spontaneous spindle
sequence; propagation velocities are between 1 and 3 mm/sec, measured
in the anteroposterior axis of the thalamus; increasing the intensity
of cortical stimulation triggers spindle oscillations, which start
simultaneously in all leads. We propose that, in vivo,
the coherence of spontaneous spindle oscillations in corticothalamic
networks is attributable to the combined action of continuous
background corticothalamic input initiating spindle sequences in
several thalamic sites at the same time and divergent corticothalamic
and intrathalamic connectivity.
Key words:
sleep spindles;
synchronization;
thalamus;
cortex;
corticothalamic feedback;
multisite recordings
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