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Volume 17, Number 4,
Issue of February 15, 1997
pp. 1256-1270
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
G1/S Cell Cycle Blockers and Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent
Kinases Suppress Camptothecin-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis
Received July 15, 1996; revised Sept. 24, 1996; accepted Dec. 3, 1996.
David S. Park1,
Erick
J. Morris2,
Lloyd A. Greene1, and
Herbert M. Geller2
1 Department of Pathology and Center for Neurobiology
and Behavior, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York, New York 10032, and 2 Department of Pharmacology,
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson
Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
Previous studies have demonstrated that G1/S cell cycle blockers
and inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) prevent the death of
nerve growth factor (NGF)-deprived PC12 cells and sympathetic
neurons, suggesting that proteins normally involved in the cell cycle
may also serve to regulate neuronal apoptosis. Past findings
additionally demonstrate that DNA-damaging agents, such as the DNA
topoisomerase (topo-I) inhibitor camptothecin, also induce neuronal
apoptosis. In the present study, we show that camptothecin-induced
apoptosis of PC12 cells, sympathetic neurons, and cerebral cortical
neurons is suppressed by the G1/S blockers deferoxamine and mimosine,
as well as by the CDK-inhibitors flavopiridol and olomoucine. In each
case, the IC50 values were similar to those reported for
inhibition of death induced by NGF-deprivation. In contrast, other
agents that arrest DNA synthesis, such as aphidicolin and
N-acetylcysteine, failed to block death. This suggests
that the inhibition of DNA synthesis per se is insufficient to provide protection from camptothecin. We find additionally that the cysteine aspartase family protease inhibitor zVAD-fmk inhibits apoptosis evoked
by NGF-deprivation but not camptothecin treatment. Thus, despite their
shared sensitivity to G1/S blockers and CDK inhibitors, the apoptotic
pathways triggered by these two causes of death diverge at the level of
the cysteine aspartase. In summary, neuronal apoptosis induced by the
DNA-damaging agent camptothecin appears to involve signaling pathways
that normally control the cell cycle. The consequent death signals of
such deregulation, however, are different from those that result from
trophic factor deprivation.
Key words:
cell cycle;
apoptosis;
cyclin-dependent kinases;
camptothecin;
DNA damage;
cysteine proteases
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