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Volume 17, Number 4, Issue of February 15, 1997 pp. 1481-1492
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience

Prism Adaptation of Reaching Movements: Specificity for the Velocity of Reaching

Received July 2, 1996; revised Nov. 19, 1996; accepted Nov. 25, 1996.

Shigeru Kitazawa^{1, 2}, Tatsuya Kimura³, and Takanori Uka⁴

¹ Neuroscience Section, Electrotechnical Laboratory, 305 Tsukuba, Japan, ² PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, ³ Graduate Program of Medical Sciences, Tsukuba University, 305 Tsukuba, Japan, and ⁴ Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan

Accurate reaching toward a visual target is disturbed after the visual field is displaced by prisms but recovers with practice. When the prisms are removed, subjects misreach in the direction opposite to the prism displacement (aftereffect). The present study demonstrated that the severity of the aftereffect depends on the velocity of the movements during and after the visual displacement. Trained subjects were required to reach with one of four movement durations (<300, ~800, ~2000, and ~5000 msec) from a fixed starting point to a target that appeared at a random location on a tangent screen (400 mm away). The size of the aftereffect was largest when the movement after the removal was performed with the same duration as that performed with the prisms. It became smaller as the difference in velocity became larger. When the contralateral arm was used after visual displacement, the aftereffect was never significant. Because the adaptation does not generalize across velocities or to the other arm, we infer that the underlying changes occur at a later stage in the transformation from visual input to motor output, in which not only the direction but also the time-dependent parameters of movements, such as velocity, acceleration or force, are represented.

Key words: prism adaptation; velocity specificity; motor learning; intermanual transfer; reaching; human

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