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Volume 17, Number 5,
Issue of March 1, 1997
pp. 1748-1760
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Modulation of Oscillator Interactions in the Crab Stomatogastric
Ganglion by Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide
Received Sept. 3, 1996; revised Dec. 6, 1996; accepted Dec. 9, 1996.
James M. Weimann1,
Petra Skiebe1,
Hans-Georg Heinzel3,
Cristina Soto2,
Nancy Kopell2,
Juan Carlos Jorge-Rivera1, and
Eve Marder1
1 Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham,
Massachusetts 02254, 2 Mathematics Department, Boston
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and 3 Zoologisches
Institut, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
The modulation of the pyloric rhythm of the stomatogastric
ganglion of the crab, Cancer borealis, by crustacean
cardioactive peptide (CCAP) is described. CCAP activated pyloric
rhythms in most silent preparations, and altered the phase
relationships of pyloric motor neuron firing in all preparations. In
CCAP, the pyloric rhythms were characterized by long lateral pyloric
(LP) neuron bursts of action potentials. The threshold for CCAP action was ~10 10 M, with increasing effects at higher CCAP
concentrations. The changes in motor pattern evoked by CCAP produced
significant changes in LP-innervated muscle movement. These movements
were additionally potentiated by CCAP applications to isolated
nerve-muscle preparations. Thus, enhanced motor neuron firing and
increase of the gain of the neuromuscular junctions are likely to
operate coordinately in response to hormonally released CCAP. High CCAP
concentrations sometimes resulted in modification of the normal 1:1
alternation between the pyloric dilator (PD) and LP neurons to patterns
of 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1 alternation. CCAP seems to activate slow intrinsic oscillations in the LP neuron, as well as enhance faster oscillations in the pacemaker group of PD/anterior burster (AB) neurons. Simulations of fast and slow oscillators with reciprocal inhibitory coupling suggest mechanisms that could account for the mode switch from 1:1
alternation to multiple PD bursts alternating with one LP neuron
burst.
Key words:
pyloric rhythm;
crustacean neuropeptide;
central pattern
generator;
neural oscillators;
neuromodulator;
computational
modeling
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