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Volume 17, Number 5,
Issue of March 1, 1997
pp. 1869-1879
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Sleep and Sleep Regulation in Normal and Prion
Protein-Deficient Mice
Received Aug. 28, 1996; revised Dec. 13, 1996; accepted Dec. 18, 1996.
Irene Tobler1,
Tom Deboer1, and
Marek Fischer2
Institutes of 1 Pharmacology and
2 Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, CH-8057
Zürich, Switzerland
Mice are the preferred mammalian species for genetic investigations
of the role of proteins. The normal function of the prion protein (PrP)
is unknown, although it plays a major role in the prion diseases,
including fatal familial insomnia. We investigated its role in sleep
and sleep regulation by comparing baseline recordings and the effects
of sleep deprivation in PrP knockout mice (129/SV) and wild-type
controls (129/SV × C57BL/6), which are the mice used for most
gene targeting experiments and whose behavior is not well
characterized. Although no difference was evident in the amount of
vigilance states, the null mice exhibited a larger degree of sleep
fragmentation than the wild-type with almost double the amount of short
waking episodes. As in other rodents, cortical temperature closely
reflected the time course of waking. The increase of slow-wave activity
(SWA; mean EEG power density in the 0.25-4.0 Hz range) at waking to
nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep transitions was faster and reached a
lower level in the null mice than in the wild-type. The contribution of
the lower frequencies (0.25-5.0 Hz) to the spectrum was smaller than
in other rodents in all three vigilance states, and the distinction
between NREM sleep and REM sleep was most marked in the theta band.
After the sleep deprivation, SWA was increased, but the changes in EEG
power density and SWA were more prominent and lasted longer in the
PrP-null mice. Our results suggest that PrP plays a role in promoting
sleep continuity.
Key words:
prion protein;
mice;
sleep;
sleep regulation;
EEG
spectral analysis;
sleep deprivation;
brain temperature;
knockout mice;
transgenic mice
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