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Volume 17, Number 6,
Issue of March 15, 1997
pp. 2112-2127
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Orientation Selectivity and the Arrangement of Horizontal
Connections in Tree Shrew Striate Cortex
Received Aug. 5, 1996; revised Dec. 9, 1996; accepted Dec. 12, 1996.
William H. Bosking,
Ying Zhang,
Brett Schofield, and
David Fitzpatrick
Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
Horizontal connections, formed primarily by the axon collaterals of
pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of visual cortex, extend for millimeters
parallel to the cortical surface and form patchy terminations. Previous
studies have provided evidence that the patches formed by horizontal
connections exhibit modular specificity, preferentially linking columns
of neurons with similar response characteristics, such as preferred
orientation. The issue of how these connections are distributed with
respect to the topographic map of visual space, however, has not been
resolved. Here we combine optical imaging of intrinsic signals with
small extracellular injections of biocytin to assess quantitatively the
specificity of horizontal connections with respect to both the map of
orientation preference and the map of visual space in tree shrew V1.
Our results indicate that horizontal connections outside a radius of
500 µm from the injection site exhibit not only modular specificity, but also specificity for axis of projection. Labeled axons extend for
longer distances, and give off more terminal boutons, along an axis in
the map of visual space that corresponds to the preferred orientation
of the injection site. Inside of 500 µm, the pattern of connections
is much less specific, with boutons found along every axis, contacting
sites with a wide range of preferred orientations. The system of
long-range horizontal connections can be summarized as preferentially
linking neurons with co-oriented, co-axially aligned receptive fields.
These observations suggest specific ways that horizontal circuits
contribute to the response properties of layer 2/3 neurons and to
mechanisms of visual perception.
Key words:
orientation selectivity;
topography;
optical imaging;
visual cortex;
surround effects;
tree shrew;
biocytin;
horizontal
connections
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M. K. Kapadia, G. Westheimer, and C. D. Gilbert
Dynamics of spatial summation in primary visual cortex of alert monkeys
PNAS,
October 12, 1999;
96(21):
12073 - 12078.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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W.-J. Gao and S. L. Pallas
Cross-Modal Reorganization of Horizontal Connectivity in Auditory Cortex without Altering Thalamocortical Projections
J. Neurosci.,
September 15, 1999;
19(18):
7940 - 7950.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. V. Girman, Y. Sauve, and R. D. Lund
Receptive Field Properties of Single Neurons in Rat Primary Visual Cortex
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 1999;
82(1):
301 - 311.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. Paydar, C. A. Doan, and G. A. Jacobs
Neural Mapping of Direction and Frequency in the Cricket Cercal Sensory System
J. Neurosci.,
March 1, 1999;
19(5):
1771 - 1781.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. N. Shadlen and W. T. Newsome
The Variable Discharge of Cortical Neurons: Implications for Connectivity, Computation, and Information Coding
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1998;
18(10):
3870 - 3896.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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D. M. Coppola, L. E. White, D. Fitzpatrick, and D. Purves
Unequal representation of cardinal and oblique contours in ferret visual cortex
PNAS,
March 3, 1998;
95(5):
2621 - 2623.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. Sigman, G. A. Cecchi, C. D. Gilbert, and M. O. Magnasco
On a common circle: Natural scenes and Gestalt rules
PNAS,
February 13, 2001;
98(4):
1935 - 1940.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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B. Roerig and J. P. Y. Kao
Organization of Intracortical Circuits in Relation to Direction Preference Maps in Ferret Visual Cortex
J. Neurosci.,
December 15, 1999;
19(24):
RC44 - RC44.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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L. M Martinez, J.-M. Alonso, R C. Reid, and J. A Hirsch
Laminar processing of stimulus orientation in cat visual cortex
J. Physiol.,
April 1, 2002;
540(1):
321 - 333.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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