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Volume 17, Number 6, Issue of March 15, 1997 pp. 2212-2226
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience

Acetylcholine, Outer Hair Cell Electromotility, and the Cochlear Amplifier

Received Aug. 12, 1996; revised Jan. 6, 1997; accepted Jan. 9, 1997.

Peter Dallos1, David Z. Z. He1, Xi Lin1, István Sziklai2, Samir Mehta1, and Burt N. Evans1

1 Auditory Physiology Laboratory (The Hugh Knowles Center), Departments of Neurobiology and Physiology and Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, H-1083

The dominant efferent innervation of the cochlea terminates on outer hair cells (OHCs), with acetylcholine (ACh) being its principal neurotransmitter. OHCs respond with a somatic shape change to alterations in their membrane potential, and this electromotile response is believed to provide mechanical feedback to the basilar membrane. We examine the effects of ACh on electromotile responses in isolated OHCs and attempt to deduce the mechanism of ACh action. Axial electromotile amplitude and cell compliance increase in the presence of the ligand. This response occurs with a significantly greater latency than membrane current and potential changes attributable to ACh and is contemporaneous with Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. It is likely that increased axial compliance largely accounts for the increase in motility. The mechanical responses are probably related to a recently demonstrated slow efferent effect. The implications of the present findings related to commonly assumed efferent behavior in vivo are considered.

Key words: cochlea; efferent; acetylcholine; outer hair cell; electromotility; cell stiffness; calcium; effects of ACh on outer hair cell; cochlear amplifier; microchamber technique; patch-clamp technique; dose-response curves




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