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Volume 17, Number 7,
Issue of April 1, 1997
pp. 2324-2337
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience
Extracellular ATP Activates Calcium Signaling, Ion, and Fluid
Transport in Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Received Oct. 10, 1996; revised Jan. 16, 1997; accepted Jan. 21, 1997.
Ward M. Peterson,
Chris Meggyesy,
Kefu Yu, and
Sheldon
S. Miller
School of Optometry and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
The presence of receptors for ATP has not been established in any
native preparation of retinal neurons or glia. In the present study, we
used conventional electrophysiological and
[Ca2+]in fluorescence imaging techniques to
investigate the effects of ATP added to Ringer's solution perfusing
the retinal-facing (apical) membrane of freshly isolated monolayers of
bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). ATP (or UTP) produced large,
biphasic voltage and resistance changes with a
Kd of ~5 µM for ATP and ~1
µM for UTP. Electrical and pharmacological evidence
indicates that the first and second phases of the response are
attributable to an increase in basolateral membrane Cl conductance and
a decrease in apical membrane K conductance, respectively. The
ATP-induced responses were not affected by adenosine, but were reduced
by the P2-purinoceptor blocker suramin. ATP also produced a
large, transient increase in [Ca2+]in that
was blocked by cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases. The calcium buffer BAPTA attenuated
the voltage effects of ATP. We also found that apical DIDS
significantly inhibited the ATP-evoked
[Ca2+]in and electrical responses, suggesting
that DIDS blocked the purinoceptor. Measurements of fluid movement
across the RPE using the capacitance probe technique demonstrated a
significant increase in fluid absorption by apical UTP. These data
indicate the presence of metabotropic
P2Y/P2U-purinoceptors at the RPE apical
membrane and implicate extracellular ATP in vivo as a
retinal signaling molecule that could help regulate the hydration and
chemical composition of the subretinal space.
Key words:
P2U-purinoceptor;
P2Y-purinoceptor;
electrophysiology;
paracrine;
K
conductance;
Cl conductance
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