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Volume 17, Number 8, Issue of April 15, 1997 pp. 2756-2765
Copyright ©1997 Society for Neuroscience

An Antibody to the Tetraspan Membrane Protein CD9 Promotes Neurite Formation in a Partially 31 Integrin-Dependent Manner

Received Nov. 18, 1996; revised Jan. 24, 1997; accepted Jan. 28, 1997.

Shilpi A. Banerjee, Michael Hadjiargyrou, and Paul H. Patterson

Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125

The tetraspan cell surface glycoprotein, CD9, has been implicated in cellular signaling during growth and differentiation in the hematopoietic and nervous systems. Because CD9 expression is induced early in development in sensory and sympathetic neuroblasts, we investigated the role of CD9 in neurite outgrowth. We plated dissociated cells from neonatal sympathetic ganglia on immobilized anti-CD9 antibodies or antibodies against other cell surface molecules. We show here that B2C11, an anti-CD9 antibody that has been shown previously to activate Schwann cells in vitro, promotes robust neurite outgrowth from sympathetic neurons that is greater than that on other antibody surfaces and is comparable to neurite outgrowth on a collagen substratum. In addition, B2C11 causes dramatic morphological changes in neurons and glia from dissociated ganglia, including a flattening of these cells.

Because CD9 interacts with integrins in many cell types including Schwann cells, and specifically with the 31 integrin in some cells, we tested whether the effect of B2C11 on neurite outgrowth is mediated by this integrin. An anti-31 antibody, Ralph 3-1, attenuates the extent of neurite outgrowth on B2C11 and collagen, but not on laminin. Because the 31 integrin has been shown to mediate neurite outgrowth on different substrates, these results provide a functional significance for the CD9-31 interaction; downstream signaling may be activated by this cis interaction on the cell surface in response to external cues that promote neurite outgrowth.

Key words: CD9; tetraspan proteins; antibody perturbation; neurite outgrowth; sympathetic neurons; 31 integrin

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