 |
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
Previous Article | Next Article
Volume 17, Number 8, Issue of April 15, 1997 pp. 2886-2899
Copyright ©1997 Society for NeuroscienceA Simplified Preparation for Relating Cellular Events to Behavior: Mechanisms Contributing to Habituation, Dishabituation, and Sensitization of the Aplysia Gill-Withdrawal Reflex
Received Sept. 20, 1996; revised Jan. 2, 1997; accepted Jan. 31, 1997.
Tracey E. Cohen1, Saul W. Kaplan1, Eric R. Kandel1, 2, 3, and Robert D. Hawkins1, 2 1 Center for Neurobiology and Behavior,
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 2 New York State Psychiatric Institute, and 3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10032 To relate cellular events to behavior in a more rigorous fashion, we have developed a simplified preparation for studying the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia, in which it is relatively easy to record the activity of individual neurons during simple forms of learning. Approximately 84% of the reflex in this preparation is mediated through the single motor neuron LDG1, so that changes in the firing of LDG1 can account for most of the changes in behavior. We have used this preparation to investigate cellular mechanisms contributing to habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization by recording evoked firing, the complex postsynaptic potential (PSP), and the monosynaptic component of the complex PSP in LDG1. Our results suggest that habituation is largely attributable to depression at sensory neuron synapses. By contrast, dishabituation and sensitization involve several mechanisms at different loci, including facilitation at sensory neuron synapses, enhancement in the periphery (perhaps attributable to post-tetanic potentiation at the neuromuscular junction), and both facilitation and inhibition of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. Moreover, these different mechanisms contribute preferentially at different times after training, so that information processing in the neuronal circuit for the reflex is distributed not only in space but also in time. Nonetheless, our results also suggest that the neuronal circuit is not a highly distributed neural network. Rather, plasticity of the reflex can evidently be accounted for by several specific mechanisms and loci of plasticity in a defined neural circuit, including a limited number of neurons, some of which make a large contribution to the behavior.
Key words: Aplysia; gill-withdrawal reflex; motor neuron; habituation; dishabituation; sensitization; learning
This article has been cited by other articles:
X. Y. Chen, S. Pillai, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, L. Chen, J. S. Carp, and J. R. Wolpaw
Spinal and Supraspinal Effects of Long-Term Stimulation of Sensorimotor Cortex in Rats
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2007; 98(2): 878 - 887.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. R. Wolpaw
Brain-computer interfaces as new brain output pathways
J. Physiol., March 15, 2007; 579(3): 613 - 619.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. G. Antzoulatos, M. L. Wainwright, L. J. Cleary, and J. H. Byrne
Long-term sensitization training primes Aplysia for further learning
Learn. Mem., July 1, 2006; 13(4): 422 - 425.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. L. Glanzman
The Cellular Mechanisms of Learning in Aplysia: Of Blind Men and Elephants
Biol. Bull., June 1, 2006; 210(3): 271 - 279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. D. Hawkins, T. E. Cohen, and E. R. Kandel
Dishabituation in Aplysia can involve either reversal of habituation or superimposed sensitization
Learn. Mem., May 1, 2006; 13(3): 397 - 403.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. D. Hawkins, G. A. Clark, and E. R. Kandel
Operant Conditioning of Gill Withdrawal in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., March 1, 2006; 26(9): 2443 - 2448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. R. Wolpaw and X. Y. Chen
The cerebellum in maintenance of a motor skill: A hierarchy of brain and spinal cord plasticity underlies H-reflex conditioning.
Learn. Mem., March 1, 2006; 13(2): 208 - 215.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Chen, X. Y. Chen, L. B. Jakeman, G. Schalk, B. T. Stokes, and J. R. Wolpaw
The Interaction of a New Motor Skill and an Old One: H-Reflex Conditioning and Locomotion in Rats
J. Neurosci., July 20, 2005; 25(29): 6898 - 6906.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Q. Li, A. C. Roberts, and D. L. Glanzman
Synaptic Facilitation and Behavioral Dishabituation in Aplysia: Dependence on Release of Ca2+ from Postsynaptic Intracellular Stores, Postsynaptic Exocytosis, and Modulation of Postsynaptic AMPA Receptor Efficacy
J. Neurosci., June 8, 2005; 25(23): 5623 - 5637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
X. Y. Chen and J. R. Wolpaw
Ablation of cerebellar nuclei prevents H-reflex down-conditioning in rats
Learn. Mem., May 1, 2005; 12(3): 248 - 254.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. S. Bristol and T. J. Carew
Differential role of inhibition in habituation of two independent afferent pathways to a common motor output
Learn. Mem., January 1, 2005; 12(1): 52 - 60.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. S. Bristol, M. A. Sutton, and T. J. Carew
Neural Circuit of Tail-Elicited Siphon Withdrawal in Aplysia. I. Differential Lateralization of Sensitization and Dishabituation
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2004; 91(2): 666 - 677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. S. Bristol, S. Marinesco, and T. J. Carew
Neural Circuit of Tail-Elicited Siphon Withdrawal in Aplysia. II. Role of Gated Inhibition in Differential Lateralization of Sensitization and Dishabituation
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2004; 91(2): 678 - 692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. A. Phares, E. G. Antzoulatos, D. A. Baxter, and J. H. Byrne
Burst-Induced Synaptic Depression and Its Modulation Contribute to Information Transfer at Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapses: Empirical and Computational Analyses
J. Neurosci., September 10, 2003; 23(23): 8392 - 8401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Narusuye and T. Nagahama
Cerebral CBM1 Neuron Contributes to Synaptic Modulation Appearing During Rejection of Seaweed in Aplysia kurodai
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2002; 88(5): 2778 - 2795.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. R. Wolpaw
Memory in neuroscience: rhetoric versus reality.
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, June 1, 2002; 1(2): 130 - 163.
[Abstract] [PDF]
T. D. Gover, X.-Y. Jiang, and T. W. Abrams
Persistent, Exocytosis-Independent Silencing of Release Sites Underlies Homosynaptic Depression at Sensory Synapses in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., March 1, 2002; 22(5): 1942 - 1955.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
X. Y. Chen and J. R. Wolpaw
Probable Corticospinal Tract Control of Spinal Cord Plasticity in the Rat
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 645 - 652.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
I. Antonov, I. Antonova, E. R. Kandel, and R. D. Hawkins
The Contribution of Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity to Classical Conditioning in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., August 15, 2001; 21(16): 6413 - 6422.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Bernhard and D. van der Kooy
A Behavioral and Genetic Dissection of Two Forms of Olfactory Plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans: Adaptation and Habituation
Learn. Mem., July 1, 2000; 7(4): 199 - 212.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
M. S Siniaia, D. L Young, and C.-S. Poon
Habituation and desensitization of the Hering-Breuer reflex in rat
J. Physiol., March 1, 2000; 523(2): 479 - 491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Royer, R. L. Coulson, and M. Klein
Switching Off and On of Synaptic Sites at Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapses
J. Neurosci., January 15, 2000; 20(2): 626 - 638.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. Nagahama, K. Narusuye, and H. Arai
Synaptic Modulation Contributes to Firing Pattern Generation in Jaw Motor Neurons During Rejection of Seaweed in Aplysia kurodai
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 1999; 82(5): 2579 - 2589.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. A. Prescott and R. Chase
Sites of Plasticity in the Neural Circuit Mediating Tentacle Withdrawal in the Snail Helix aspersa: Implications for Behavioral Change and Learning Kinetics
Learn. Mem., July 1, 1999; 6(4): 363 - 380.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
S. A. Prescott
Interactions between Depression and Facilitation within Neural Networks: Updating the Dual-Process Theory of Plasticity
Learn. Mem., November 1, 1998; 5(6): 446 - 466.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
S. A. Prescott, N. Gill, and R. Chase
Neural Circuit Mediating Tentacle Withdrawal in Helix aspersa, With Specific Reference to the Competence of the Motor Neuron C3
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1997; 78(6): 2951 - 2965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|